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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes an unusual case of secondary nocturnal enuresis presumptively secondary to progressive bradycardia from complete heart block. Congenital complete heart block occurs in approximately 1 of 22,000 livebirths and is typically associated with structural congenital heart disease or maternal collagen vascular diseases. It can be entirely asymptomatic during infancy and childhood, depending in part on the escape rate and rhythm and other hemodynamic variables. The case described above was not diagnosed until the patient coincidentally underwent cardiac monitoring. The picture was confusing initially, as a tricyclic antidepressant medication had been ingested. Heart block is one of the known cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressant overdose. However, the conduction disturbance should have resolved as the drug was excreted from the body. As children with congenital complete heart block get older, the ventricular escape rate typically decreases. In addition, as activity increases with age, more demand is placed for cardiac output. The resting end-diastolic volume is increased to elevate stroke volume in compensation for lower heart rate. As the escape rate decreases and the metabolic demand increases, patients with congenital complete heart block then may begin to develop symptoms. Typical symptoms in children include dizziness, Stokes-Adams syncopal attacks, fatigue, daytime somnolence, and other somatic complaints. Bedwetting has not been reported as an initial symptom, but in this case is likely secondary to the excessive somnolence and difficulty with arousal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nocturnal enuresis secondary to heart block: report of cure by cardiac pacemaker implantation. 833 31

This paper presents a review on detection and treatment methods of sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is the most common type of breathing-related sleep disorder. It manifests in a variety of behaviours from teeth grinding to night terrors as involuntary night-time events. The most common sleep disorders are narcolepsy, hypersomnia, sleep talking, sleep walking, and bedwetting. Sleep apnea (somnipathy) is a serious sleep disorder that pauses breathing while sleeping. Breathing pauses occur 30 times or more during sleep and it lasts for few seconds to minutes, when normal breathing starts after this pause. Untreated sleep apnea patients stop breathing, which happens up to hundreds of times during sleep that ultimately results in atrial fibrillation, cardiac arousal, stroke, brain tumor and other vascular diseases at the age of 65 that causes death. Smokers are at a greater threat for sleep apnea. Several studies have suggested that a person who smokes more than two packs a day has 40 times the risk of sleep apnea then nonsmokers. This review includes the discussion about detection of sleep apnea from heart rate and respiratory events. The published literature of sleep apnea and methods of treatment are also discussed.
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PMID:A Review on Detection and Treatment Methods of Sleep Apnea. 2851 86