Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a three-year period, 337 CT or MR scans were ordered for psychiatric patients in a teaching hospital. Scans were normal in 185 instances, equivocal in 34, and abnormal in 118 instances. When a history of neurologic disorder and/or the presence of abnormal neurologic/organic mental signs was positive, scans were abnormal in 74% of cases; when these indicators were negative, scans were normal in 72% of cases. In all, only 4 new diagnoses were made. Two patients, both with markedly abnormal neurological findings, were shown to have brain tumors, which changed their management. Two others showed abnormalities which would have been missed, both of which were of no clinical consequence. The following are suggested as sound indications for ordering CT or MR brain imaging among psychiatric patients: 1) positive history of head injury, stroke or other neurologic disease, as well as suspected Alzheimer disease or multi-infarct dementia; 2) presence of abnormal neurologic signs or organic mental signs, such as confusion or cognitive decline; and, 3) a first psychotic break or personality change after the age of 50 years.
 ...
PMID:Clinical use of CT and MR scans in psychiatric patients. 178 61

Mental slowing, forgetfulness and personality change are frequent accompaniments of aging; such symptoms are also the first warning signals of an intracranial tumor. Cerebral metastases, malignant astrocytomas and benign meningiomas are the most common types of brain tumor in patients over 65 years of age. The symptoms and signs of a brain tumor depend primarily on its location and on intracranial pressure. In addition to producing dementia and seizures, tumors occasionally present in an apoplectic fashion and mimic the onset of stroke.
 ...
PMID:Brain tumors in elderly patients. 630 Dec 54

Postal questionnaires were completed by the spouses of 170 surviving stroke patients who had attended a medical rehabilitation centre up to eight years earlier. Problems of self-care were reported as persisting in two thirds and restricted mobility in almost half of the patients. Outcome here was influenced by presence or absence rather than by side of hemiplegia. However, return to work was significantly more common with left hemiplegia. Memory defects were said to be displayed by one patient in three, communication loss and marked personality change by one in four. A third of both patients and spouses had received treatment for tension or depression, which points to a need for improved after-care facilities.
 ...
PMID:Presenile stroke: long-term outcome for patients and their families. 707 57

We report a case with bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. The patient showed a dramatic personality change characterized by childish behavior and euphoria; which remained unchanged for 2 years after the onset. 'Vorbeireden' characterized by approximate answers was also observed. Anterograde amnesia had quite improved after 2 years, while retrograde amnesia for 1 year prior to the stroke onset and vertical gaze palsy remained unchanged. An MRI scan demonstrated bilateral medial thalamic and right midbrain infarcts without other lesions in the brain. A position emission tomography study showed that cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was markedly decreased in both thalami and in the cerebellum, and only slightly decreased in the parietal and occipital cortical regions. Cerebral metabolic rates of glucose in the frontal and temporal cortices were within normal range. The paramedian thalamic lesions per se may be responsible for the patient's personality change, 'Vorbeireden', and amnesia.
 ...
PMID:Persisting childish behavior after bilateral thalamic infarcts. 920 63

A 19 year old female with a background history of migraine, sensorineural deafness and recent personality change developed a parieto-occipital cerebral infarct. Investigations revealed altered lactate to pyruvate ratios, ragged red fibres in muscle and an A-G point mutation at position 3243 in mitochondrial DNA. Subsequent clinical and molecular genetic analysis of 14 family members in three generations identified 12 affected individuals, two of whom were asymptomatic. Maternal inheritance was confirmed. MEALS is an important but under recognised cause of stroke and seizures in the young. There is insufficient data available to determine if the treatment of asymptomatic individuals retards the onset or reduces the severity of stroke.
 ...
PMID:Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) in a Donegal kindred--clinical features and molecular genetic analysis. 926 93

There are only a few reported cases of psychiatric disorders presenting a s decompression sickness (DCS). Previous reports indicate that DCS can result in personality change, depression, Munchausen's syndrome, and pseudo stroke. We report two cases of acute psychoses that occurred following diving as suspected DCS and were treated with hyperbaric oxygen, which did not improve the psychotic features. One patient had symptoms of DCS including myalgias, weakness, and fatigue; however the symptoms were inconsistent. The symptom onset and nitrogen loading from his dive profiles made the diagnosis of DCS unlikely. The second patient exhibited mild joint pain, fatigue, and psychosis that was temporally associated with diving but no other symptoms of DCS. Following a detailed medical evaluation we determined that these two patients did not have DCS or arterial gas embolism (AGE). Although it is highly unlikely that a pure psychotic episode will arise as a result of DCS, physicians caring for divers with symptoms of DCS or AGE and acute psychosis may consider a trial of recompression therapy while completing the medical evaluation. Divers with acute psychosis without signs and symptoms and benign dive profiles are unlikely to have DCS or AGE.
 ...
PMID:Acute psychosis associated with diving. 1206 50

Controversy exists about whether depression following stroke represents a biologically mediated change or a psychological reaction to the deficits. We present a patient with an acute isolated personality change and depression following a lacunar infarct of the left internal capsule, who was unaware of his affective change. His anosognosia for the depression, which was abrupt and not accompanied by cognitive impairments, suggests that post stroke depression, at least in this case, is better explained by a biological than a psychological model.
 ...
PMID:Depression with anosognosia following a left subcortical stroke. 1269

A 48-years-old man presented with slowly progressive bradykinesia, personality change and rapidly progressive left hemiparesis. On admission, he presented dementia, poor judgment, left hemiparesis. MRI revealed a widespread high intensity area in right hemisphere and MRA was almost normal. Serological tests of serum and CSF demonstrated high titers of antibodies to Treponema pallidum. He was treated for syphilis with daily penicillin injections without improvement. He died of sepsis eight months after admission. At autopsy, the brain weighed 1,100 g and the right cerebral hemisphere was atrophic, especially in frontal base, temporal, parietal, angular, and posterior regions covered by thickened, fibrotic leptomeninges. Microscopically, chronic meningoencephalitis was observed. Severe neuronal loss with gliosis was seen in the right cerebral cortices. Scattered rod-shaped microglia and inflammatory cell infiltration were visible in the cerebral parenchyma. The dorsal column of the spinal cord was not involved and meningovascular syphilis was unclear. The distribution of the encephalitic lesions was well correlated with the clinical and neuroradiological findings. This was a rare autopsy case presenting Lissauer's general paresis, clinically manifesting as rapidly progressive stroke-like episode.
 ...
PMID:[Autopsy case of Lissauer's general paresis with rapidly progressive left hemiparesis]. 1961 44

The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterised by personality change with a decline in cognition. We describe two patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukencephalopathy (CADASIL) who presented with behavioural phenotypes similar to bvFTD. The first patient presented with progressive personality and behavioural change, had florid white matter hyperintensity, and had a novel missense mutation C366W in exon 7 of the Notch3 gene. The second patient presented with progressive memory impairment and marked personality changes after a transient ischaemic attack. In this second patient, the radiological features were subtle and only the family history of stroke prompted testing for CADASIL using Notch3 genotyping. We present these patients to demonstrate that CADASIL may mimic bvFTD, with little clinical or radiological evidence to distinguish the two. CADASIL may be an under-recognised diagnosis in apparent bvFTD. Screening Notch3 in a substantial and unselected cohort of frontotemporal dementia patients might be appropriate to investigate this possibility.
...
PMID:CADASIL presenting with a behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia phenotype. 2403 25

Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr`s disease) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symmetrical and bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia. Calcifications may also occur in other brain regions such as dentate nucleus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. Both familial and non-familial cases of Fahr`s disease have been reported, predominantly with autosomal-dominant fashion. The disease has a wide range of clinical presentations, predominantly with neuropsychiatric features and movement disorders. Psychiatric features reported in the literature include: cognitive impairment, depression, hallucinations, delusions, manic symptoms, anxiety, schizophrenia-like psychosis, and personality change. Other clinical features include: Parkinsonism, ataxia, headache, seizures, vertigo, stroke-like events, orthostatic hypotension, tremor, dysarthria, and paresis. Fahr`s disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms, particularly when associated with movement disorder. The disease should be differentiated from other conditions that can cause intracranial calcification. No specific treatment is currently available. Further research is needed to bridge the gap existing in our current knowledge of the prevalence, etiology, symptoms, and treatment of Fahr`s disease.
...
PMID:Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr`s disease). 2498 77


1 2 Next >>