Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Etiological factors and clinical course of transient disorders of the cerebral circulation developing at various terms of gestation and in the immediate postpartum period were studied in 132 women. Early symptoms of a cerebral crisis included headache, vertigo, palpitation, dyspnea, darkness in the eyes, noise in the ears or head, paresthesia, and numbness of the legs. Occasionally, it had to be differentiated from a cerebral stroke. The most important etiological factors of this cerebrovascular pathology included toxemia of pregnancy, exacerbation of the rheumatic process, essential hypertension, vegetovascular dystonia, intracranial aneurysm, etc. Various combinations of a number of etiological factors of transient disorders of the cerebral circulation are possible. Recommendations about the management of pregnancy and parturition are offered.
 ...
PMID:[Transient cerebral circulatory disorder in pregnant women]. 342 70

Operative intervention remains controversial for patients with transient nonhemispheric symptoms with occlusive disease of both the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations. In addition to the standard evaluation of these patients, we have used stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic mapping of cerebral blood flow (Xe/CT CBF). This relatively new and potentially widely available CBF methodology, by measuring approximately 30,000 CBF values within each of three CT levels, provides a readily interpretable means of evaluating extremes of hemodynamic compromise within any or all vascular territories. In the past 30 months, Xe/CT CBF studies in 300 patients with occlusive vascular disease have identified nine patients with global low flow and nonhemispheric symptoms (vertigo, lightheadedness, and/or blurred vision). Blood pressures determined by ocular pneumoplethysmography of Gee were markedly abnormal with reduced ocular/brachial ratios. Each patient had a combination of both segmental carotid and vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Each patient had a flow-augmenting procedure performed on the anterior circulation in an attempt to improve global flow: carotid endarterectomy (two patients), subclavian-external carotid bypass (one patient), and superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass (six patients). In each case disabling transient symptoms were relieved. There were no operative deaths, but one stroke occurred, probably as a result of a brief period of postoperative hypotension. Postoperative Xe/CT CBF studies show a long-term improved global CBF in all patients.
 ...
PMID:Relief of nonhemispheric symptoms in low flow states by anterior circulation revascularization: a physiologic approach. 382 Apr 2

A successful case undergoing the ECA-PCA bypass operation with the use of an interposition saphenous venous graft for vertebrobasilar progressing stroke was reported and details of the operative techniques were described. A 40-year-old man was admitted because of confused mental state following sudden onset of headache, vomiting, vertigo, and ataxic gait. Neurological examinations revealed he was confused and restless, and left-sided Weber's syndrome, bulbar palsy and dysphasia were noticed. CT scan showed multiple small low density areas with no enhancement scattering in both occipital lobes and cerebellar hemispheres. Angiographical studies showed that the left vertebral artery was occluded at the vertebrobasilar junction and the right vertebral artery stenosed up to 90% or more at the branching site of the PICA. There was no visualization of the vertebrobasilar system through the right posterior communicating artery. The left posterior communicating artery was not examined. The patient was treated with Urokinase amounting to 740,000 units for ten days. Thirteen days later, however, he became progressively drowsy and he became unable to speak and swallow. Quadriparesis also appeared. Progressive deterioration of these brain stem ischemic symptoms was assumed to originate from critically lowered perfusion of the vertebrobasilar circulation. Therefore, the ECA-PCA anastomosis by means of a venous graft was carried out on the right side in expectation of the rapid restoration of the blood flow in the affected brain stem. A venous graft was chosen because it would carry larger amount of blood immediately after completing the bypass surgery than small calibered arterial graft such as a superficial temporal artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[ECA-PCA anastomosis with the use of an interposition saphenous vein graft for vertebrobasilar progressing stroke]. 404 16

A twenty-five year old woman suffered the acute onset of dysequilibrium followed by headache, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and slurred speech while swimming. Brain imaging revealed a right cerebellar infarct. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography showed a hypoplastic right vertebral artery and focal narrowing of the dominant left vertebral at the level of the C1-C2 junction. The patient was treated with aspirin and dipyridamole and immobilized for two weeks. She achieved almost complete recovery. Repeat angiography showed resolution of the left vertebral artery defect. Other cases of posterior circulation infarction associated with head turning during sports and ordinary activities are reviewed.
Stroke
PMID:Vertebral artery injury and cerebellar stroke while swimming: case report. 408 22

Arteriosclerotic occlusive disease of the vertebral arteries is common; however, vertebral artery operations are performed infrequently. From 1971 through 1983 more than 3000 cerebrovascular operations were performed; only 40 of these were direct vertebral artery operations. There were 22 women and 18 men, varying in age from 44 to 80 years (mean 61.6 years). Symptoms included dizziness or vertigo in 29 patients (73%), transient ischemic attacks in 17 (43%), syncope in eight (20%), and previous stroke in 14 (35%). Operative procedures were directed toward establishing normal antegrade vertebral flow by reimplantation (21 patients), patch graft (15 patients), or grafts (three patients). Two patients underwent bilateral procedures. There were no operative deaths. All except two patients (95%) were available for follow-up at 1 to 12 years (mean follow-up 7.75 years). There were eight late deaths from 1 to 9 years, with a 12-year actuarial survival rate of 75.8%. The eight patients who died were known to be without symptoms before death. Of the 30 survivors available for follow-up, 21 remained without symptoms, seven patients showed no improvement, two patients who had no symptoms had recurrence at 4 and 5 years, and one patient without symptoms had a stroke at 7 years. In this select group of patients with severe disease, direct vertebral artery operations have resulted in significant long-term relief of symptoms and prevention of transient ischemic attacks and strokes.
 ...
PMID:Long-term results of direct vertebral artery operations. 623 37

We studied the frequency of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with various neurological diseases. We used a micromethod employing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that required only 50 microliters of unconcentrated CSF. Oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of 95% of the patients with multiple sclerosis, 90% with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and 100% with herpes simplex encephalitis, but less frequently in other central nervous system infections. No oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of patients with Parkinson, Huntington, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, or herniated disc diseases. Bands were detected in some patients with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular accident, idiopathic vertigo, idiopathic seizures, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and central nervous system glioma. Patients with other conditions infrequently had positive bands. The determination of oligoclonal bands is a useful aid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis. The presence of oligoclonal bands indicates an immunological response but is not diagnostic for a particular condition.
 ...
PMID:Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases. 683 75

The angiographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) are reviewed in 37 patients (mean age 48 years) selected from a pool of 4000 angiograms of carotid or vertebral arteries. FMD was a neglected pathogenic factor in 28 patients with hemorrhagic or ischemic cerebral lesions. The aneurysms found in 19 patients had conventional appearance and were mainly located in the internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries and on the same side as the most affected cervical artery, which suggests that aneurysms and FMD are pathogenically related. A clinical syndrome is presented where headache, ECG-abnormalities, hypertension, mental distress, tinnitus, vertigo, arrhythmia, TIA, and syncope are frequent components. Hemicrania, sometimes combined with ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome, was found in patients with advanced lesions in the carotid artery of the same side. An associated occurrence of stroke in pedigrees, especially among young and middle aged females, indicates that FMD in the majority of cases in inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance in males.
Stroke
PMID:Fibromuscular dysplasia and the brain. I. Observations on angiographic, clinical and genetic characteristics. 706 80

The occurrence of hemorrhage from pituitary adenoma (so-called "pituitary apoplexy") was investigated in a consecutive series of 560 cases operated on during the past 30 years. There were 93 cases (16.6%) in which hemorrhage from pituitary adenomas was confirmed either clinically or surgically. These patients were analyzed in terms of age, sex, symptoms and signs, size of tumor, hormonal function, and histological types of adenomas, and computerized tomography findings. In 90 cases (16.6%), hematoma or old bloody fluid was verified within the tumor tissue at surgery. Three other patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but there was no detectable intratumor hematoma in any of them. Among these 93 patients, 42 (7.5%) showed no evidence of clinical symptoms related to hemorrhage (asymptomatic hemorrhage). Fifty-one patients (9.1%) had definite histories of an acute episode that suggested sudden bleeding (symptomatic hemorrhage: pituitary apoplexy). Thirty-eight patients (6.8%) had a major attack manifested by disturbances of consciousness, hemiparesis, loss of vision, or ocular palsy. In two acromegalic patients, pituitary apoplexy developed during bromocriptine treatment. There was one case of sudden death due to massive hemorrhage from the tumor 14 months after the completion of postoperative radiation therapy. The other 13 symptomatic patients (2.3%) developed a minor attack which included headache, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. Bleeding from pituitary adenomas was not statistically correlated with any of the following factors: sex, hormonal function of adenomas, and histological types, but it was correlated with age. The number of asymptomatic cases in the third decade was significantly greater than that of the whole group of pituitary adenoma patients in the same decade. The present investigation revealed that the incidence of pituitary apoplexy was unexpectedly high: a major attack in 6.8% of pituitary adenoma patients, a minor attack in 2.3%, and asymptomatic hemorrhage in 7.5% of the cases. This risk of pituitary apoplexy should be kept in mind in treating pituitary adenomas.
 ...
PMID:Pituitary apoplexy: its incidence and clinical significance. 725 41

In 2793 respondents aged 65 and over in a survey of a geographically defined community, who were asked about falls in the preceding twelve months, the estimated annual prevalence rate (persons) of falls was 28.0%. Standardized for age, the rate was twice as high in women as in men. Rates increased with age but more steeply in men than in women. Compared with non-fallers, fallers had been in more recent contact with their general practitioner, showed higher prevalence of problems with mobility and daily living, a more frequent history of stroke and heart disease, and had more episodes of non-rotatory vertigo, double vision, faints and blackouts and episodes of weakness or numbness. Fallers also showed more frequent evidence suggestive of cognitive impairment. More fallers than non-fallers were taking diuretics and tranquilizers and these associations merit further study.
 ...
PMID:Factors associated with falls in the elderly: a community study. 727 Mar 21

We present a 74-year-old woman who developed a sudden onset of vertigo, vomiting, and axial retropulsion without limb ataxia. A clinical diagnosis of acute peripheral labyrinthine lesion was made initially. However, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a small infarct area involving the caudal part of the cerebellar vermis and medial cerebellar hemispheres on both sides. We emphasize that a cautious attitude should be taken in managing patients with isolated vestibular dysfunction, especially in aged person or those associated with stroke risk factor.
 ...
PMID:Isolated vertiginous dysequilibrium due to bilateral caudal cerebellar infarction. 770 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>