Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 26 patients with recent rupture of an intracranial saccular aneurysm the CSF concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) were measured repeatedly by a radioimmunoassay. The 5-HT level in ventricular CSF collected between the 2nd and 15th day after SAH ranged between less than 2 and 5 nmol/l. These did not differ from the levels found in the ventricular CSF (less than 2-3 nmol/l) and lumbar CSF (less than 2-3 nmol/l) of control patients. 5-HT concentrations did not correlate with the severity of angiographical vasospasm, nor with CSF pressure or clinical grade. In two patients with severe postoperative vasospasm, however, cisternal CSF collected during operation and contaminated by fresh blood showed 5-HT concentrations exceeding 25 nmol/l. Thus, although these results do not support the conception that 5-HT plays a major role in sustaining delayed vasospasm, they suggest that 5-HT liberated from platelets may be operative in the initiation of cerebral arterial spasm.
Stroke
PMID:CSF serotonin concentrations and cerebral arterial spasm in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm. 706 89

A model for producing chronic cerebral vasospasm in monkeys by injecting autologous blood into the basal cistern is described. Spasm/narrowing was observed by angiography one hour after SAH in 8 out of 10 monkeys and in 5 of these 8, spasm was observed both one and two weeks later. No narrowing of the vessels was observed in the control cases. In monkeys that showed spasm one week after SAH, narrowing of the extracranial vertebral arteries was also observed. Repeated injections of blood at intervals of one and two weeks caused intensification of spasm in the intracranial portion of vertebral arteries and the basilar arteries. It is suggested that cerebral vasospasm following SAH may in part be mediated by a central control mechanism acting through the sympathetic nervous system in that extracranial vessels remote from direct contact with blood showed reactive narrowing.
Stroke
PMID:Angiographic study of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. 710 47

Hemifacial spasm developed in a 32-year-old man following a brain stem stroke. This stroke followed a self-induced head movement, which is a rare cause of such events. The clonic movements were often related entirely to the position of the head. Carbamazepine was successful in treating the spasm and may be indicated in the medical treatment of this disorder. The differential diagnosis and treatment of hemifacial spasm are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Position-dependent hemifacial spasm. 711 72

Fourteen experiments have been completed to develop an improved primate model of chronic cerebral vasospasm. Results show that by placing a 0.4 mm needle through the intracranial internal carotid artery and percutaneously removing it the following day, cerebral vasospasm is regularly present five days later. There has been no mortality. The results of two monkeys followed with serial angiograms suggest that spasm first appears four days following the subarachnoid hemorrhage and lasts at least eleven days. The results of all experiments show that the most affected vessel in each experiment is reduced to 62% of control diameters. Vasospasm involves cerebral arteries both ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of hemorrhage and extends to the most distal vessels which can be measured. Finally, a neurological defect has been regularly demonstrated on the side contralateral to the site of hemorrhage.
Stroke
PMID:A primate model of chronic cerebral vasospasm. 712 92

Carotid endarterectomy is generally regarded as a durable repair, with a low incidence of postoperative thrombosis. However, unexpected, inexplicable occlusions and pressure-flow aberrations have been reported to occur during the period immediately after operation period. We studied 245 operative angiograms obtained during a series of 335 carotid endarterectomies. Among the various defects noted were 24 instances of mild to severe spasm of the middle and distal extracranial carotid artery. This spasm was remote from the endarterectomy site and often was entirely beyond the field of operative exposure. Early and late postoperative angiograms demonstrated that this may be a transient phenomenon, and repeated intraoperative films documented that spasm may progress without further direct instrumentation of the involved segment. The patient who demonstrated the most severe spasm later suffered immediate postoperative occlusion and stroke despite a technically satisfactory repair.
 ...
PMID:Carotid artery spasm. A cause of postendarterectomy thrombosis? 714 72

The effect of intra-arterial sodium nitroprusside infusions on acute experimental basilar artery spasm was studied in dogs. Vasospasm produced by subarachnoid hemorrhage at normal intracranial pressure was partially relieved by nitroprusside. When given by the intra-arterial route, 15 times the recommended maximum intravenous does can be infused without significant hypotension or elevation in intracranial pressure.
Stroke
PMID:Intra-arterial nitroprusside treatment of acute experimental vasospasm. 721 65

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that vascular spasm can occur in brain parenchymal vessels following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Five cc of autologous blood was injected into the cisterna magna of test cats and 5 cc of saline into control cats. After 2 hours, a cranial window was created and cortical tissue frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen. Statistical analysis of 124 test and 93 control arteries and arterioles showed a significantly greater mean wall to lumen ratio in the test vessels but with almost identical mean cross sectional areas for both groups of vessels. This finding provides evidence for at least vasoconstriction, if not frank spasm, in parenchymal vessels in conjunction with SAH.
Stroke
PMID:Morphometry of brain parenchymal vessels following subarachnoid hemorrhage. 721 73

The authors report a 46 year-old female who was submitted to a right femoral artery coronary arteriography. During the procedure she presented an upward, downward and convergence gaze paresis; an upbeating nystagmus. A NMRI showed a change in T-2 weighted signal of the left paramedian mesencephalic region. A diagnosis of stroke was made and dextran 40 was prescribed. Vertical gaze paresis progressively disappeared. Convergence paresis and nystagmus improved partially only. The possible pathophysiological basis underlying this clinical picture are: catheter-induced dislodgement of an atheromatous plaque; small thrombi formation and release from the catheter tip; catheter-induced vascular lesion with subsequent thromboembolism or dissection of the intima; cardiac arrhythmia; catheter-induced or contrast medium-induced arterial spasm; a combination of two or more of these.
 ...
PMID:Neurological complications of coronary arteriography. 748 30

Six patients for whom computed tomography revealed a curvilinear calcific mass anterior to their brainstem were evaluated and magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography were performed on each. Magnetic resonance studies confirmed the suspicion of basilar artery dolichoectasia, and demonstrated a partial thrombus in the basilar artery in 1 patient. The patients' clinical features were combined with those of basilar artery dolichoectasia patients reported in the literature (n = 122) who had case histories sufficiently detailed enough to determine each person's mode of clinical presentation. Basilar artery dolichoectasia patients were more often men (95/128, 74%) and had a mean age of 59 +/- 11 years. Of the 128 patients studied, there were cranial nerve compressive signs in 74 (58%), especially facial spasm (29/74, 39%) and trigeminal neuralgia (20/74, 27%); vertebral basilar insufficiency or vertebral basilar stroke or both in 61 (48%); hydrocephalus in 40 (31%); compressive brainstem symptoms and signs that progressed clinically in 31 (24%); and arterial hypertension in 31 (24%). Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography safely diagnose this interesting arterial abnormality. The modes of clinical presentation of this disorder are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Basilar artery dolichoectasia. Review of the literature and six patients studied with magnetic resonance angiography. 762 24

Twenty patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST) were treated by microvascular decompression (MVD) of the spinal accessory nerves, the upper cervical nerve roots and the brainstem. Thirteen were female and seven male. Median age was 47 years (range 39 to 70 years). Median duration of symptoms was 5 years (range 4 months to 17 years). Ten had right horizontal; nine, left horizontal; and one, retrocollis ST. Twenty-two operations were performed on twenty patients, suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy in 18 and retromastoid craniectomy in 4 operations. The most common compressing blood vessels were the vertebral artery and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. No nerve section was performed. Three patients died of unrelated conditions, 3, 5 1/2, and 6 years postoperatively, respectively. Minimum follow-up period in the rest of the cases is 5 years (range 5 to 10 years). Thirteen (65%) were cured, four (20%) improved with minimal spasm, one (5%) improved with moderate spasm, and two (10%) improved minimally or unchanged. In most cases the cure or improvement was noticed gradually over 6 months to two years following the operation. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative morbidities included transient cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the surgical incision in one case and an apparent multiple small vessel stroke involving periventricular white matter in one reoperation case with full recovery. MVD for ST is a nondestructive benign procedure with high probability of cure or significant improvement.
 ...
PMID:Microvascular decompression for spasmodic torticollis. 766 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>