Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of pituitary apoplexy, which presented with hyperaesthesia in the distribution of the ophthalmic division of the left trigeminal nerve and a left sixth nerve palsy following cholecystectomy, is reported. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large intrasellar mass which extended laterally into the left cavernous sinus and showed evidence of old and recent haemorrhage within the tumour. This case demonstrates that patients who present with unusual neurological symptoms involving the cranial nerves after general anaesthesia, should undergo neurological and radiological investigations.
 ...
PMID:Pituitary apoplexy following cholecystectomy. 156 94

The pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is controversial, but the condition can result from a major or seemingly minor injury to a limb, or even an insult to an organ, such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Onset can be sudden or insidious. The syndrome is characterized primarily by localized, deep, burning pain in a limb--pain that may not follow any logical distribution. Nonpitting edema, skin hyperesthesia, and guarding of the limb usually accompany the pain. If treatment is not instituted, deformity, contracture, and wasting of the limb can eventually occur. With appropriate therapy, the process can be stopped and often reversed. The keys are a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and aggressive treatment.
 ...
PMID:Burning pain in an extremity. Breaking the destructive cycle of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. 186 41

In rats with chronically implanted intrathecal catheters, high concentrations of morphine (3 microliters of 50 mg/ml: 150 micrograms) yielded a reliable and striking syndrome of pain behavior that involved intermittent bouts of biting and scratching at the dermatomes innervated by levels of the spinal cord proximal to the catheter tip. In addition, during intervals between bouts of agitation, the animals displayed a clear, marked hyperesthesia where an otherwise innocuous stimuli (brush stroke) evoked significant signs of discomfort and consequent aggressive behavior. These effects were exaggerated rather than reversed by high doses of naltrexone. The effect, perfectly mimicked by a considerably lower dose of morphine-3-glucuronide (15 micrograms) or the glycine antagonist strychnine (30 micrograms), was not produced by equimolar concentrations of sodium sulfate, glucuronide, methadone, or sufentanil. In halothane-anesthetized cats, light brushing of the hindpaw and tail or low-intensity stimulation of the sciatic nerves resulted in prominent elevations in blood pressure and pupil diameter following the intrathecal administration of high concentrations (50 mg/ml; 0.1 ml) of morphine sulfate. This effect, exaggerated by naloxone, was produced by a lower concentration of intrathecal morphine-3-glucuronide (5 mg/ml; 0.1 ml) but not by intrathecal saline. These results suggest the possibility that the effects of high doses of morphine may be characterized by a nonopiate receptor-mediated effect that alters the coding of sensory information in the spinal cord. The authors speculate that high concentrations of spinal opiates, as may be employed in tolerant terminal-cancer patients, could exert an action that physiologically antagonizes the analgesic effects otherwise mediated by the action of morphine on the spinal opiate receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:High dose of spinal morphine produce a nonopiate receptor-mediated hyperesthesia: clinical and theoretic implications. 293 24

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the industrialized world and it is estimated that up to 8% of stroke victims suffer from some form of central post-stroke pain (CPSP). Thalamic syndrome is form of central pain that typically results from stroke in the thalamus. In the present study, we describe the development and characterization of a rat model of thalamic CPSP. This model is based on a hemorrhagic stroke lesion in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, one of the reported causes of thalamic syndrome in humans. Behavioral analysis showed that animals displayed hyperesthesia in response to mechanical pinch stimulation, with sensitivity localized to the hind limb. This response appeared within 7 days of the intra-thalamic hemorrhage. Animals also showed increased thermal sensitivity in the contralateral hind limb. Histopathology indicated the presence of activated microglia adjacent to the core of hemorrhagic lesions in the thalamus. Neutrophils were confined to the hemorrhage core, indicating that they entered in the initial bleed. By 7 days, bands of activated microglia and astrocytes separated the hematoma from surviving neurons at the edge of the lesion. We did not observe any terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive neurons beyond the immediate hematoma at 1, 3, or 7 days after hemorrhage. Surviving neurons were located in the vicinity of activated microglia and astrocytes at the outer edge of the hematoma. Thus, thalamic hemorrhage produces a confined lesion that destroys the tissue within the initial bleed, with little or no neuron death beyond the hemorrhage core. Surviving neurons surrounded by activated glial cells likely contribute to neuropathic pain in this model. This thalamic hemorrhage model is useful for studying the neuropathology and physiology of thalamic syndrome, and developing therapeutics for central post-stroke pain.
 ...
PMID:Development and characterization of a hemorrhagic rat model of central post-stroke pain. 1932 79

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is still an underestimated complication of stroke, resulting in impaired quality of life and, in addition to the functional and cognitive consequences of stroke, the presence of CPSP may be associated with mood disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. This type of pain may also impair activities of daily living and further worsen quality of life, negatively influencing the rehabilitation process. The prevalence of CSPS in the literature is highly variable (1%-12%) according to different studies, and this variability could be influenced by selection criteria and the different ethnic populations being investigated. With this scenario in mind, we performed a population-based study to assess the prevalence of CPSP and its main features in a homogeneous health district (Rimini, Italy), including five hospitals for a total population of 329,970 inhabitants. From 2008 to 2010, we selected 1,494 post-stroke patients and were able to interview 660 patients, 66 (11%) of whom reported pain with related tactile and thermal hyperesthesia, accompanied by needle puncture, tingling, swelling, and pressure sensations. Patients reported motor impairment and disability, which influenced their working ability, rehabilitation, and social life. Despite this severe pain state, there was a high percentage of patients who did not receive adequate treatment for pain.
...
PMID:Population-based study of central post-stroke pain in Rimini district, Italy. 2409 96