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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Case 1. A 65 year old male had left hemiparesis with sudden onset since 8 years ago, which gradually aggravated for these 2 years. On Sept. 27, 1973, he was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Kitano Hospital. There was left spastic hemiparesis with hemisensory disturbance and he could not walk without help for the maked spasticity. Left carotid angiogram revealed the complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery and marked stenosis of the external carotid artery at the common carotid bifurcation. External carotid endarterectomy was performed on Nov. 19, 1973, which was followed by STA-MCA anastomosis 2 months later. The spasticity of extremities and left hemisparesis were gradually improved and he was able to walk without help. Case 2. On Apr. 14, 1974, a 63 year old female developed complete stroke with right hemiparesis and speech disturbance after transient ischemic attacks of 5 days duration. On Aug. 9, he was admitted and had emotional incontinence, right hemiparesis, Gerstmann's syndrome and motor aphasia. Left carotid angiogram revealed a saccular aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery and the occlusion of the distal middle cerebral arterys. These findings suggested that the occlusion was caused by embolus from the middle cerebral aneurysm, and the combined surgery with STA-MCA anastomosis and operation for the aneurysm was planned. On Aug. 30, 1974, under left frontotemporal craniotomy, aneurysmal neck clipping and aneurysmectomy were performed and thereafter, STA-MCA double anastomosis was done. One week after operation, the gradual improvement of pre-operative symptomes was noted. Recently, STA-MCA anatomosis is well known to be one of the effective operative methods for the occlusive methods for the occlusive cerebrovascular diseases and in addition, we found that the combination of STA-MCA anastomosis with other operations was effective for unusual cases presenting in this report. Furthermore, except for the occlusive cerebrovascular diseases, we usually plan STA-MCA anastomosis for the cases of 1) carotid ligation or trapping for carotid-cavernous sinus fistula and some internal carotid aneurysms, 2) some intracranial tumors with the danger involving the main cerebral arteries by operation to protect the cerebrovascular insufficiency.
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PMID:[The combination of STA-MCA anastomosis with another operation for the occlusive cerebrovascular disease (author's transl)]. 55 37

One hundred thirty consecutive patients in whom the initial diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease was made on clinical basis were evaluated by cerebral computed tomographic (CCT) scan. Three of 20 patients with transient ischemic attacks were found to have an abnormality on CCT scan. Of 30 patients with an initial diagnosis of stroke-in-evolution, 13 were found to have a clinically unsuspected lesion by CCT scan. Of 60 patients with completed stroke, CCT scan made possible differentiation of intracerebral hematoma, hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic infarction, and excluded intracranial tumors. Of 20 patients believed to have symptoms of cerebral arteriosclerosis, six had nonvascular lesions and eight had a cerebral atrophic process. This study demonstrates the efficacy of this safe and noninvasive procedure in evaluating patients with cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:Intracranial tumors simulating the presentation of cerebrovascular syndromes. Early detection with cerebral computed tomography (CCT). 91 Aug 5

Intracranial tumors are sometimes known to appear first as apoplexy. This report describes a patient with a meningioma of the falx who experienced acute onset of symptoms due to intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage and following a history of transient ischemic attacks on exertion. The tumor was an angioblastic-meningioma. The probably source of bleeding and the mechanism of transient ischemic episodes provoked by exertion are discussed.
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PMID:Meningioma presenting as recurrent transient cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage. 720 Feb 65

A case of sudden, unexpected death due to hemorrhage into a large, previously undiagnosed pituitary adenoma (pituitary apoplexy) in a 41-year-old man is presented. Pituitary adenomas are frequent intracranial tumors with usually benign prognosis. Acute hemorrhage into the tumor is a severe and potentially fatal complication, if not diagnosed and treated early, and occurs in up to 10% of cases. Sudden tumor enlargement due to the hemorrhage with compression of vessels and neural tissue at the skull base may result in coma and death without preceding symptoms leading to forensic investigations as demonstrated by this case report.
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PMID:Sudden death due to pituitary apoplexy. 1293 25

The physiological and biochemical properties of the diseased brain that can be explored with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasing. Progress in MR-based technology affords a large panel of MRI sequences that explore different phenomena and, thus, provide complementary informations. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI is improved by the combination of all MR modalities. However, this abundance of data requires an efficient multiparametric analysis to fully achieve the goal of the multimodal strategy. We will discuss the potential impact of this advanced MRI analysis in the clinical management and the therapeutical strategies of the most common brain pathologies (intracranial tumors, multiple sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy and dementia). This non-invasive approach is of utmost importance since it already improves the diagnosis and the therapeutic choice in the management of several central nervous system diseases.
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PMID:Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system. 1465 79

Neurosurgical disorders are a significant cause of nonobstetric death and disability in pregnant women. The most common neurosurgical conditions encountered are intracranial hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, intracranial tumors, disc rupture, and head trauma. With modern anesthesia techniques, life-threatening problems can be very well handled with minimal danger to the fetus. However, it is preferable to wait until the third trimester if possible to do semielective surgery. Intracranial hemorrhage can sometimes be followed conservatively if it is not life-threatening; shunted hydrocephalus may get worse during the later stages of pregnancy but can usually be followed; meningiomas and pituitary adenomas may increase in size and require urgent surgical decompression because of apoplexy; disc ruptures can usually be treated conservatively; head trauma should be treated in the same way as in a nonpregnant patient. This article discusses several surgical and anesthetic issues that are important in dealing with these conditions.
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PMID:Neurosurgery in pregnancy. 1794 Sep 27

The aim of this study was to compare the locomotor functional recovery of patients with brain tumor and patients with stroke. Each patient with a brain tumor was matched to a patient with stroke according to the lesion side. Twenty-one patients operated for intracranial tumors and 21 patients with stroke were studied. The mean ages (+/- standard deviation) of patients were 52.5+/-16 years for patients with brain tumor and 56.7+/-11 years for patients with stroke. For each patient, the age, gender, presence of aphasia, smoking habit, co-morbidities, lesion origin and lesion size (for the brain tumor group) were recorded. Locomotor and functional recovery were evaluated by using the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke, the Berg Balance Scale, Motor Assessment Scale and the mobility section of the Functional Impairment Measure. There was no difference regarding demographic characteristics between the two groups. After rehabilitation both groups had significantly improved in terms of all parameters, but the extent of improvement did not differ between the two groups.
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PMID:Functional recovery of patients with brain tumor or acute stroke after rehabilitation: a comparative study. 1902 73

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is an uncommon disease marked by clotting of blood in cerebral venous, or dural sinuses, and, in rare cases, cortical veins. It is a rare but potentially fatal cause of acute neurological deterioration previously related to otomastoid, orbit, and central face cutaneous infections. After the advent of antibiotics, it is more often related to neoplasm, pregnancy, puerperium, systemic diseases, dehydration, intracranial tumors, oral contraceptives, and coagulopathies are the most common causes, but in 30% of cases no underlying etiology can be identified. It has been found in association with fibrous thyroiditis, jugular thrombosis after catheterization, or idiopathic jugular vein stenosis. Other factors include surgery, head trauma, arterio-venous malformations, infection, paraneoplastic, and autoimmune disease. This article presents a comprehensive review of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis etiologies.
Int J Stroke 2009 Apr
PMID:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis risk factors. 1938 52

Dermoids cysts are embrionary benign lesions that comprise approximately 0.04-0.25% of all intracranial tumors. Occasionally they break and spread their content into subarachnoid space and/or lateral ventricles causing several acute or delayed symptoms. Debut of this type of tumor as acute stroke is poorly reflected in literature. We present a 26-year-old woman with a isolated mesencephalic infarct secondary to spontaneous rupture of a dermoid cyst. We discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms for this condition and review the literature.
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PMID:[Isolated mesencephalic stroke related to a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst]. 1957 32

There is growing interest in investigating the role of subtle changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in common neurological disorders and the possible use of imaging techniques to assess these abnormalities. Some studies have used dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) and these have demonstrated much smaller signal changes than obtained from more traditional applications of the technique, such as in intracranial tumors and multiple sclerosis. In this work, preliminary results are presented from a DCE-MRI study of patients with mild stroke classified according to the extent of visible underlying white matter abnormalities. These data are used to estimate typical signal enhancement profiles in different tissue types and by degrees of white matter abnormality. The effect of scanner noise, drift and different intrinsic tissue properties on signal enhancement data is also investigated and the likely implications for interpreting the enhancement profiles are discussed. No significant differences in average signal enhancement or contrast agent concentration were observed between patients with different degrees of white matter abnormality, although there was a trend towards greater signal enhancement with more abnormal white matter. Furthermore, the results suggest that many of the factors considered introduce uncertainty of a similar magnitude to expected effect sizes, making it unclear whether differences in signal enhancement are truly reflective of an underlying BBB abnormality or due to an unrelated effect. As the ultimate aim is to achieve a reliable quantification of BBB function in subtle disorders, this study highlights the factors which may influence signal enhancement and suggests that further work is required to address the challenging problems of quantifying contrast agent concentration in healthy and diseased living human tissue and of establishing a suitable model to enable quantification of relevant physiological parameters. Meanwhile, it is essential that future studies use an appropriate control group to minimize these influences.
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PMID:Use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to measure subtle blood-brain barrier abnormalities. 2103 Jan 78


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