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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pituitary apoplexy presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage into the left frontal lobe and lateral ventricle, simulating an anterior cerebral artery aneurysm rupture, is reported. No other cases of intracerebral hemorrhage caused by pituitary apoplexy have been found in a review of the English literature.
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PMID:Pituitary apoplexy with intracerebral hemorrhage simulating rupture of an anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. 335 45

A ten month old unconscious boy with hemiplegia (Hunt and Hess IV) was first admitted to a district hospital without a CT scanner or a neurosurgical service (Glasgow-Coma-Score 4, no pathological pupillary signs). Therefore, he was transferred to the Pediatric Department of the University Hospital the same night. An emergency CT scan that night showed intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage with enlarged ventricle (Fisher grade 5). Angiography was not available within reasonable time. Thus in the stage of progressively increasing clinical deterioration, still without pupillary signs, an external ventricular drain-age was placed. Immediately after reduction of the cerebrospinal fluid volume, arterial hypertension was noticed--the right pupil was mydriatic and fixed. Without further apparative diagnosis an emergency craniotomy was performed for decompression under the suspicion of a secondary hemorrhage due to a rerupture of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm. A bleeding aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery was found and clipped. A mass transfusion was necessary and a pulmonary air embolism occurred. The infant died in tabula. The histological specimens revealed disruption of the internal elastic membrane of both MCA. This emphasizes a congenital nature of the aneurysm. We conclude that cerebral arterial aneurysms have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of stroke-like symptoms in infancy and early childhood, although the incidence of reported cases is less than one case per year. Since no valid screening parameter is available, diagnosis is often made only after rupture of the aneurysm. This causes problems for emergency management. Infants and children with stroke or stroke-like symptoms should immediately be transferred to a hospital with a neurosurgical unit.
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PMID:Management of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm in infancy. Report of a case of a ten-month-old boy. 979 53

The epidemic of abuse of the so-called 'designer drugs' amphetamine, cocaine and ecstasy--is fast replacing traditional aetiological factors as the largest cause of intracerebral haemorrhage among young adults. Traditional teaching is that these represent hypertensive haemorrhages. Recent reports, however, have indicated that these patients may harbour underlying vascular malformations. We review 13 patients with a positive history of drug abuse preceding the onset of intracerebral haemorrhage. These patients presented to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in central London over a 7-month period. Of the 13 patients (eight male, five female), average age 31 years (19-43) years), 10 were well enough to undergo cerebral angiography. Intracranial aneurysms were demonstrated in six patients and arteriovenous malformations in three patients. In only one of the patients was the angiogram normal. A further patient was subsequently shown to have a middle cerebral artery aneurysm at autopsy. The epidemiology, pharmacology and systemic effects of these drugs are considered. The mechanisms by which these compounds cause intracerebral complications and their influence on prognosis are discussed. The incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), ischaemic cerebral infarctions and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) following drug abuse is increasing. Contrary to historical opinion, drug-related ICH is frequently related to an underlying vascular malformation. Arteriography should be part of the evaluation of most young patients with nontraumatic ICH. A thorough history focusing on the use of illicit substances and toxicological screening of urine and serum should be part of the evaluation of any young patient with a stroke.
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PMID:Intracerebral haemorrhage and drug abuse in young adults. 1119 66

Abuse of the drugs like amphetamine, cocaine and "Ecstasy" may be complicated by intracerebral, subdural or subarachnoid haemorrhage. Contrary to historical opinion, drug-related intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is frequently related to an underlying vascular malformation. We report the case of an 18-year-old man with a history of Ecstasy abuse preceding the onset of severe occipital headache. Cerebral computed tomography revealed right-sided subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral angiography showed right-sided middle cerebral artery aneurysm of 1 cm diameter. The patient was treated surgically with aneurysm clipping. Three weeks after onset of intracranial haemorrhage, neurological examination demonstrated normal findings. A history of severe headache immediately after using amphetamine, Ecstasy, or cocaine should alert doctors to the possibility of intracerebral haemorrhage. Arteriography should be part of the evaluation of most young patients with stroke or non-traumatic ICH.
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PMID:Subarachnoid haemorrhage with "Ecstasy" abuse in a young adult. 1253 90

We describe autopsy findings in a 5-month-old infant with disseminated tuberculosis and congenital cytomegalovirus disease. The infant manifested with tubercular meningitis complicating as ruptured mycotic right middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Infiltrative, proliferative, and necrotizing vascular pathologies have been described; however, the occurrence of these is dependent on the duration of illness. The vessel pathology appears to be a payback of its immersion in the local inflammatory cell-rich exudates. Strokes early in the course of the disease are believed to be a consequence of vasospasm, and those occurring later during the disease course are due to proliferative intimal disease. Intracranial mycotic aneurysm following tubercular meningitis developing at such a young age has not been reported in the literature. The lung lesions in a congenitally transmitted tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus disease have also been elaborated.
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PMID:Mycotic aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage following tubercular meningitis in an infant with congenital tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus disease. 2243 28

Nontraumatic acute subdural hemorrhage (SDH) with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is rare and is usually caused by severe bleeding from aneurysms or arteriovenous fistulas. We encountered a very rare case of spontaneous bleeding from the middle meningeal artery (MMA), which caused hemorrhage in the temporal lobe and subdural space 2 weeks after coil embolization of an ipsilateral, unruptured internal cerebral artery aneurysm in the cavernous portion. At onset, the distribution of hematoma on a computed tomography scan led us to believe that the treated intracavernous aneurysm could bleed into the intradural space. Emergency craniotomy revealed that the dura of the middle fossa was intact except for the point at the foramen spinosum where the exposed MMA was bleeding. Retrospectively, angiography just before and after embolization of the aneurysm did not show any aberrations in the MMA. Although the MMA usually courses on the outer surface of the dura and is unlikely to rupture without an external force, physicians should be aware that the MMA may bleed spontaneously and cause SDH and ICH.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Oct
PMID:Subdural and intracerebral hemorrhage caused by spontaneous bleeding in the middle meningeal artery after coil embolization of a cerebral aneurysm. 2513 56

Purpose. To report a case of successful thrombolysis performed in a patient with an incidental unruptured intracranial aneurysm and review the literature. Case Report. Patient admitted for ischemic stroke due to left posterior cerebral artery occlusion, with an incidental right middle cerebral artery aneurysm, who underwent treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) resulting in clinical improvement without complications. Conclusion. The presence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is considered as a contraindication to thrombolysis, due to a potentially higher hemorrhagic risk of aneurysm rupture. Patients, otherwise, eligible for thrombolysis are usually excluded from receiving this emergent treatment, despite its potential benefits. A reevaluation of the strict exclusion criteria for thrombolysis in acute stroke patients should be considered.
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PMID:Successful Thrombolysis despite Having an Incidental Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm. 2552 32

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) overlap syndrome is an inflammatory disorder with a mixed presentation that is characterized by clinical features of both SLE and AAV. Although renal disease predominates, any organ system in the body may be affected. Neurologic manifestation in patients with SLE-AAV overlap syndrome is rare and has only been previously documented as cerebral ischemia. We report a patient with SLE-AAV overlap syndrome diagnosed based on clinical, serologic and biopsy-proven histologic findings who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to ruptured right anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of SLE-AAV overlap syndrome diagnosed in a patient with a SAH due to an intracranial aneurysm. Neurologic involvement in patients with SLE-AAV overlap syndrome is uncommon and has not been well-studied. Clinicians who encounter patients with neurologic signs that present with symptoms and a serologic profile that correspond to both SLE and AAV criteria, should consider the association between SLE-AAV overlap syndrome and a hemorrhagic stroke, specifically SAH.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis overlap syndrome complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage: case-based review. 3032 65

A 54-year-old male with metastatic melanoma, including a presumed brain metastasis underwent elective surgery when there was sudden onset of extensive bleeding upon resection. An emergent cerebral angiogram revealed a fusiform left posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. Malignant melanoma commonly metastasizes to the brain and has shown to assume a wide variety of appearances with involvement of almost any intracranial structures. The unexpected intraoperative finding required immediate action and strategic rethinking. The patient successfully underwent vessel sacrifice by means of coil embolization.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Nov
PMID:Intraoperative Aneurysm Rupture during Resection for Presumed Metastasis. 3140 86

A patient undergoes intracranial stent insertion for stent-assisted coiling of a basilar tip aneurysm and left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. A flow diverting stent is also placed across an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Prior to the procedure, the patient takes dual antiplatelet medications, being aspirin and clopidogrel. Because of the concern regarding in-stent thrombus and thromboembolic complications related to intracranial stenting and the high rate of clopidogrel resistance, preoperative platelet function testing (PFT) was undertaken to ensure platelet inhibition. In this case, PFT was performed on a platelet function analyser which demonstrated platelet inhibition. Ten days following the procedure, the patient represented with thromboembolic stroke. Repeat PFT performed with whole blood impedance aggregometry and despite full medication compliance demonstrated clopidogrel resistance. Clopidogrel was then ceased and prasugrel commenced. This case demonstrates the importance of appropriate platelet inhibition in patients with intracranial stents and the controversy surrounding PFT.
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PMID:Failure of platelet function analyser 200 to demonstrate clinical clopidogrel resistance in a patient undergoing intracranial vascular stenting. 3216 92


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