Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Background: Vascular occlusion during the injection of facial fillers is uncommon, but can result in serious adverse events, including necrosis, blindness, and stroke. Objectives: We explored factors that influence the frequency and severity of vascular complications during filler injections. Methods: This was a meta-analysis that included case reports and case series published during the years 2004 to 2016 describing patients who experienced any type of vascular complication after an aesthetic procedure. In addition to the descriptive analysis of the variables retrieved, a logistic regression for predicting the outcome of the vascular event was performed. Results: The analysis included 93 cases described in 30 articles. Blindness was the main consequence of the vascular complications (n=57; 61%). The reported outcome was partial or total recovery in 24 cases (28%) and no improvement in 61 cases (72%). Hyaluronic acid (HA) and autologous fat were the two fillers most frequently involved in vascular occlusions, with autologous fat showing a stronger trend toward no improvement than HA. Involvement of the ophthalmic and retinal arteries was most frequently associated with no improvement. Conclusion: Injury to ophthalmic and retinal arteries during the injection of facial fillers can result in irreversible serious adverse events. Physicians performing facial filler injections should have a proficient knowledge of anatomy.
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PMID:Vascular Complications after Facial Filler Injection: A Literature Review and Meta-analysis. 3136 Feb 92

Vascular occlusion is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Blood vessel blockage can lead to thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, peripheral occlusive disease, and pulmonary embolism. Thrombolytic therapy currently aims to rectify this through the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Research is underway to design an ideal thrombolytic drug with the lowest risk. Despite the potent clot lysis achievable using approved thrombolytic drugs such as alteplase, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, and some other fibrinolytic agents, there are some drawbacks, such as high production cost, systemic bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, vessel re-occlusion by platelet-rich and retracted secondary clots, and non-fibrin specificity. In comparison, bacterial staphylokinase, is a new, small-size plasminogen activator, unlike bacterial streptokinase, it hinders the systemic degradation of fibrinogen and reduces the risk of severe hemorrhage. A fibrin-bound plasmin-staphylokinase complex shows high resistance to a2-antiplasmin-related inhibition. Staphylokinase has the potential to be considered as a promising thrombolytic agent with properties of cost-effective production and the least side effects.
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PMID:Bacterial staphylokinase as a promising third-generation drug in the treatment for vascular occlusion. 3167 34

Vascular disease is a progressive inflammatory condition fuelled by an unhealthy lifestyle of physical inactivity, cholesterol-rich diet, and smoking. Together with endogenous factors such as age, gender, and autoimmune status, an unhealthy lifestyle fosters a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic milieu, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque formation and vascular obstruction or degradation of the subendothelial matrix. Platelet-leukocyte interplay represents an important feature in this context. Platelets get activated in a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic microenvironment and readily interact with innate and adaptive immune cells alike. Even though platelet affinity for physical cell-cell contact is highest with monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, platelets also avidly interact with lymphocytes by soluble mediators. Platelet-leukocyte crosstalk regulates essential immune responses, supporting leukocyte recruitment at sites of vascular insult, promoting proliferation and differentiation of leukocytes and enhancing pro-inflammatory effector functions such as cytokine and reactive oxygen production. However, under certain conditions platelet-leukocyte interplay also dampens the inflammatory process. Crosstalk of platelet and leukocytes thus represents a driving force in vascular disease. In this review, we highlight the impact of various risk factors for vascular disease on platelet-leukocyte interactions and discuss the underlying mechanisms of platelet-mediated changes in immune responses and the effect of immune cells on the haemostatic system. As the underlying pathologies differ between vascular diseases, we summarize our current knowledge on platelet-leukocyte interplay in chronic vascular diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral and coronary artery disease as well as acute vascular diseases such as ischaemic stroke and venous thromboembolism.
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PMID:Platelet-leukocyte interplay during vascular disease. 3243 4

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by the sudden rupture of cerebral blood vessels or vascular obstruction from brain tissue damage or dysfunction, thereby preventing blood flow into the brain. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI), a common syndrome of ischemic stroke, is a complex pathological process whose physiological mechanism is still unclear. Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills (QSW), a famous Tibetan medicine preparation, has the effect of tranquilizing by heavy settling, dredging channels and activating collaterals, harmonizing Qi and blood, restoring consciousness, and inducing resuscitation. Here, we investigated the protective effect of QSW on CI/RI in rats and its potential mechanism. First, the volatile and liposoluble components in QSW were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). After 24 h of CI/RI, the neuroprotective effect was determined by evaluating the neurological function, cerebral infarction, histopathology, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blot (WB) were used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), claudin-5, and occludin. Finally, GCMS metabonomics was used to identify different metabolites and analyze metabolic pathways. The results showed that 88 volatile components and 63 liposoluble components were detected in QSW. Following the experimental stroke operation, it was observed that rats administered QSW pretreatment had improved neurological function, reduced infarct volume (P < 0.01), increased Nissl bodies (P < 0.05), improved histopathology, and reduced BBB disruption. Immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and WB results showed that MMP-9 level in the brain tissue of the QSW pretreatment group had a decreasing trend and the expression of claudin-5 and occludin had a tendency to increase. Eleven metabolites related to lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and energy metabolism, were identified via GC-MS metabonomics. Our study shows that QSW preconditioning has a neuroprotective effect on CI/RI; however, its mechanism requires further study.
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PMID:Protective effect and mechanism of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via blood-brain barrier and metabonomics. 3315 10


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