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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate risk factors and prognosis of transient global amnesia (TGA), three groups of 30 subjects each affected respectively by: (1) first-ever TGA; (2) first-ever transient ischaemic attack (TIA); (3) depressive neurosis, were compared. Prevalence of cerebrovascular risk factors was similar in patients with TGA and TIA, but significantly lower in the third group. CT showed more hypodense lesions in TIA patients than in those with TGA. In a mean follow-up of 36 months, five TGA patients experienced a TIA and three others had recurrence of TGA, but none suffered stroke or myocardial infarction. In the TIA group, four had recurrence of TIA, two suffered a stroke and two others a myocardial infarction, whereas none had TGA attacks. None of the patients of the third group had any ischaemic event during follow-up. The similar prevalence of risk factors, but the different prognosis between TGA and TIA patients, suggest that TGA is an ischaemic event, probably not triggered by thromboembolism but by a different, possibly vasospastic, mechanism.
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PMID:A case-control study of transient global amnesia. 292 14

Patients with transient global amnesia are often categorized as having cerebrovascular disease. Noninvasive carotid artery testing was performed in 56 patients with transient global amnesia to determine if they had the same incidence of extracranial atherosclerotic vascular disease as patients with focal cerebral transient ischemic attacks. Only 3 of 56 patients had hemodynamic obstruction of flow at the carotid artery bifurcation, and 41 of 56 had no evidence of any atherosclerotic disease. Other risk factors for cerebrovascular disease were present in 24 of 56 patients, but only 1 had a prior cerebrovascular event. The pathophysiology of transient global amnesia appears to differ from the pathophysiology of classical transient ischemic attacks in that there is no clear relation between transient global amnesia and the presence of extracranial atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease.
Stroke
PMID:Extracranial carotid artery in patients with transient global amnesia: evaluation by real-time B-mode ultrasonography with duplex Doppler flow. 295 22

Four patients who experienced isolated transient global amnesia had computed tomographic evidence for a cerebral infarct (3 cases) or hemorrhage (1 case). The medial part of the temporal lobe was involved in 2 patients (left in 1, right in 1), the left lentiform nucleus in 1 patient, and the left thalamus in 1 left-handed patient. These findings suggest that transient global amnesia may be associated with stroke in some cases, but it has no localizing value within the temporodiencephalic structures. No cerebrovascular events occurred over a 1-to 5-year follow-up, suggesting that transient global amnesia with infarction or hemorrhage is not a strong predictor of further stroke.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia and stroke. 337 80

We studied the clinical characteristics of transient global amnesia (TGA) in 277 patients with an average follow-up of 80 months. The syndrome occurred most frequently after age 50. There was a history of migraine in 14.1% and cerebrovascular diseases in 11.2% of patients, but these conditions were usually not temporally linked to TGA. Characteristic antecedent events and activity such as exertion existed in 33.4%. The incidence of TGA was 5.2 per 100,000 per year in Rochester, MN. Although 23.8% of the patients had recurrent episodes, they were not at increased risk for subsequent stroke.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia: clinical characteristics and prognosis. 357 71

Transient global amnesia is an unusual form of the amnestic syndrome in that it is completely reversible in most patients. The etiology of transient global amnesia is poorly understood, although involvement of the medial temporal lobe is most likely. The literature suggests that once an underlying structural lesion has been ruled out, cases can be divided into three groups: patients with a past history of migraine headaches, those who have no obvious underlying precipitating factors, and those with associated neurologic deficits during a spell and risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. Patients in the first group tend to have attacks at an earlier age and to have an increased recurrence rate but, like those in the second group, have a good prognosis. Patients in the third group often have onset later in life, and as many as 10% may have a stroke or dementia. Whether or not this is a higher incidence than should be expected in persons of this age group has not been determined. Although sophisticated testing may show persistence of the memory defect, most patients eventually recover completely.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia and the amnestic syndrome. 378 95

A 27 year old woman with mitral valve prolapse presented with somnolence, bilateral Babinski signs, and grasp reflexes. As somnolence cleared, vertical gaze palsy and Korsakoffian memory deficit were apparent. Initial CT scan was normal, but NMR scan 24 hours after the onset of symptoms revealed prolonged T2 relaxation in medial thalami bilaterally, facilitating diagnosis of bithalamic infarction. Subsequent CT scans delineated infarction in the vascular territory of the paramedian thalamic arteries. Previous clinical reports and the neuro- and vascular anatomy underlying this syndrome are reviewed, including cases that suggest a relationship to the syndrome of transient global amnesia.
Stroke
PMID:Amnestic syndrome and vertical gaze palsy: early detection of bilateral thalamic infarction by CT and NMR. 404 46

16 patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) have been investigated by computer tomography. 3 had a completed stroke associated with the TGA. The findings of computer tomography were normal in 7 patients. Atrophy alone was seen in 2 patients. A single hypodense lesion was found in 6 patients; a bilateral lesion in 1 patient. All 3 patients with amnesic stroke showed a hypodense lesion in the CT.
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PMID:Computer tomography in transient global amnesia. 709 48

Twelve patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) had prior migraines (six classical and six common). In three patients, classic migrainous phenomena accompanied TGA, and in nine patients severe headache accompanied the amnestic attack. Migrainous vascular dysfunction in the dominant posterior cerebral artery territory could explain TGA: (1) The pathophysiology and transient nature of TGA have led many to postulate posterior circulation vascular disease; migraine is a vascular disorder with a posterior circulation bias. (2) TGA and migraine share common precipitants. (3) Migraine differs from arteriosclerotic ischemia; the repetitive queries of TGA are absent in amnestic stroke. (4) TGA and migraine are usually benign.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia and migraine. 719 42

28 patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) were followed for a mean period of 73 months. The patients fell into 3 diagnostic groups: a group where patients had associated symptoms and signs of transient focal cerebral ischemia (TIA), a migraine group and a miscellaneous group. 22 patients had evidence of cerebrovascular disease or risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, and a vascular basis for the amnesic attack was highly suggestive in 25 patients. During the follow-up period 2 patients died, 3 had recurrent TGA and 13 developed a completed stroke or suffered from further TIA's. Permanent memory impairment was encountered in 9 cases. An unfavourable course was related to the presence of other TIA manifestations and/or risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. The study indicates that TGA is probably due to transient ischemia in the vertebrobasilar arterial distribution area. TGA per se has a good prognosis, but the coexistence of risk factor or manifest cerebrovascular disease implies a high rate of a subsequent completed stroke or permanent memory impairment.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia -- its clinical and pathophysiological basis and prognosis. 721 Nov 87

Ten patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) associated with symptoms of transient focal cerebral ischemia were seen at the University Department of Neurology, Arhus Kommunehospital in the period 1966-1978. All had either prior to or following the amnesic attack transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in the territory of the posterior cerebral circulation. On admission minor neurological deficits were noted in three and normal findings in the remaining seven. There was no evidence of epilepsy in any case. We studied the course (average, 77 months) and found that three had recurrent amnesic episodes. Four patients had only further transient focal cerebral ischemic attacks, while six developed a completed stroke, in five located in the distribution of the basilar artery. Seven patients had persistent memory impairment. TGA is one manifestation of TIA in the vertebrobasilar arterial system. When TGA appears in connection with other transient cerebral ischemic attacks, the prognosis is apparently grave with a great risk of a subsequent completed stroke or a permanent memory impairment.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia as a manifestation of transient cerebral ischemia. 739 56


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