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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemorrhage into the structures of the anterior visual pathway, apoplexy of the chiasma or optic nerves, is a rare pathology that can be caused by different pathological processes among which cavernous angioma and arteriovenous malformation are more frequently mentioned. The cause of chiasmatic apoplexy may be also hemorrhage into the tumor--chiasmatic glioma of blood penetration into the chiasma in pituitary apoplexy. The authors describe a rare case of chiasmatic apoplexy whose cause was chiasmatic cavernoma. In addition to acute visual disorders suggesting the involvement of the left optic nerve, chiasma, and left visual pathway, 23-year-old patient had endocrine disorders as polyuria, polydipsia, which first suggests craniopharyngioma and glioma of the chiasma. A capsule and hematomic clots were removed from the thickened left optic nerve and left chiasmatic half during surgery. Only did a morphological study involving immunohistochemical analysis permit identification of the process as hemorrhage from cavernous micromalformation with the formation of hematoma.
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PMID:[Chiasmatic cavernoma]. 1607 30

Quadruple sectoranopia is a rare campimetric syndrome involving upper and lower, homonymous, congruent field blind sectors sparing a horizontal zone. Ischemia or infarction of the lateral parts of the lateral geniculate body, supplied by the distal part of the anterior choroidal artery, accounts for the visual field defect. Ganglionic nerve fiber atrophy matched to the visual field defect may be found if the lateral geniculate body dysfunction involves infarction. The four cases reported so far involve the following etiologies: a case of surgical ligation of the distal part of the anterior choroidal artery during cerebral meningioma removal, two cases of stroke with anterior choroidal artery infarction, and a case of vascular steal with anterior choroidal artery blood flow being shunted away from the lateral geniculate body by an arteriovenous malformation. If lateral geniculate body infarction is not solely involved, partial recovery may occur, ischemic quiescent neuronal areas being able to resume their activity following ischemia resolution.
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PMID:[Quadruple sectoranopia]. 1639 10

The details of stroke in young adults remain unknown in Japan. We performed a multicenter survey to establish a stroke data bank for young adults in Japan. We collected clinical data of 7,245 acute stroke patients admitted to 18 hospitals in Japan. In patients admitted within the first 7 days of stroke, patients aged = < 50, = < 45, and = < 40 accounted for 8.9%, 4.2%, and 2.2%, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and non-valvular atrial fibrillation were significantly more frequent in the non-young than in the young, but smoking habits and patent foramen ovale were more frequent in the young than in the non-young. Brain infarction was the most predominant stroke subtype in the non-young, but not so in the young (62.6% vs. 36.7%, p < 0.01). Brain hemorrhage (20.8% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.01) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (7.3% vs. 26.1%, p < 0.01) were more frequent in the young. Causes of brain infarction and hemorrhage were often atypical in the young (2.8% vs. 25.1%, p < 0.001 and 4.6% vs. 20.2%, p < 0.0001, respectively). Causes of stroke in the young was often atypical, such as cerebral arterial dissection, Moyamoya disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, arteriovenous malformation, et al. Because causes and underlying risk factors of stroke in young adults were quite different from those in older patients, we need to establish the data bank and to explore optimal measures of the diagnosis and management for young stroke patients.
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PMID:[Stroke in young adults in Japan]. 1644 41

When a patient with migraine has a stroke, all other causes of stroke should be ruled out before the stroke is attributed to migraine. Migraine mimics that present with headaches and stroke, including arteriovenous malformation and cervical carotid artery dissection, should be considered. Patent foramen ovale is a risk factor for both migraine and stroke and should be ruled out with transesophageal echocardiography. A patient with migraine with aura with persistent focal neurologic deficits in the distribution of the typical aura can be diagnosed with migrainous stroke. Patients with migraine with aura with persistent focal neurologic deficits can be treated pharmacologically with intravenous verapamil or magnesium sulfate to relieve the symptoms in familial hemiplegic migraine and sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Prophylactic treatment should be administered to patients with frequent attacks of migraine with aura to prevent recurrence. Oral verapamil is recommended for patients with familial hemiplegic migraine and may be effective in patients with sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Endovascular closure of patent foramen ovale has been reported to prevent recurrence of migraine with aura. The role of patent foramen ovale closure remains controversial pending completion of controlled randomized trials.
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PMID:Interactions between migraine and stroke. 1703 72

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) consists of abnormal communications between the pulmonary arteries and veins. Because PAVM may cause neurological defects (such as stroke and brain abscess) or hemoptysis and hemothorax, embolization therapy or surgery is required. Resection using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has recently been performed for small peripheral PAVMs. For large or hilar PAVM, surgical resection with thoracotomy is required. We report herein a case of PAVM (4.0 x 3.5cm) located in the left S6 segment near the lung hilum that was resected successfully using simultaneously stapled S6 segmentectomy (simultaneous stapling of anomalous vessels of the PAVM and hillar structures of S6) with VATS.
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PMID:Video-assisted simultaneously stapled segmentectomy for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation located in the pulmonary hilum. 1723 59

The authors report a case of fatal stroke due to thrombosis of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a young patient. The patient presented with a progressive severe headache that had lasted for a few days, followed by a rapid deterioration in the level of consciousness. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were immediately performed, and the images showed a large area of venous ischemia in the left hemisphere as well as a left temporal pial AVM. An emergency decompressive craniectomy was unsuccessful in preventing deterioration in the patient's condition. An autopsy examination revealed a thrombosed AVM leading to a wide area of venous ischemia and massive brain swelling. Thrombophilia investigations identified a heterozygous mutation at position 20209 of the prothrombin gene, a recently reported rare prothrombotic defect. Acute neurological decline after spontaneous thrombosis of an intracranial AVM is rare, and an association with the prothrombin defect in this patient is likely.
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PMID:Fatal spontaneous thrombosis of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation in a young patient with a rare heterozygous prothrombin gene mutation. Case report. 1733 May 43

Young patients with migraine are at increased risk for stroke, particularly patients with an aura of focal neurologic deficits. Other causes of ischemia are often identified in patients with migraine, including patent foramen ovale, lupus anticoagulant, cervical carotid dissection, arteriovenous malformation, and hyperactivity of the clotting system. Migrainous stroke is only diagnosed when all other possible causes of stroke have been eliminated and the patient has irreversibility of the usual aura, associated with an ischemic infarct in the appropriate brain territory. Prophylactic therapy of migraine with aura may be beneficial in preventing migrainous stroke.
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PMID:Stroke and migraine. 1736 79

Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a recognised, albeit infrequent, intracranial vascular anomaly usually detected during angiography. Its presence is associated with an increased incidence of aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation and ischaemic stroke. A unique case of PHHA discovered during autopsy is described. Additionally, the significance of PPHA in neuroscience is discussed in detail.
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PMID:Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery: an incidental autopsy finding and its significance in clinical practice. 1759 74

The posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) is a well-known clinical consequence of posterior fossa surgery that has only been reported in a limited number of cases with a nontumoral etiology. It consists of transient cerebellar mutism, behavioral abnormalities and personality changes. We describe a 12-year-old child who developed transient cerebellar mutism associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms following rupture of a vermis arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Following the stroke, the girl experienced a 24-hour symptom-free interval. After that, she became mute and her emotional state was characterized by severe anxiety, irritability and withdrawal. After 3 days, mutism resolved and dysarthria became apparent. Two weeks after stroke, the AVM was surgically removed and the postoperative course was uneventful. This case is the first reported in which the PFS occurred after focal nonsurgically induced cerebellar damage.
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PMID:Posterior fossa syndrome after a vermian stroke: a new case and review of the literature. 1778 4

The case of a patient with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a venous varix that occurred at the medulla oblongata is reported. The AVM bled twice in a short period. The AVM was fed by the small ramus, possibly the anterior spinal artery, originating from the right distal vertebral artery and draining into a large venous varix and then into the venous systems surrounding the brain stem. The obstruction of the feeding artery was performed, and the varix subsequently disappeared. The remaining abnormal vasculature was then treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. The treatment of an AVM at the medulla oblongata is still challenging, but the appropriate combination of modalities will improve the patient outcome.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis
PMID:Brain stem arteriovenous malformation with large venous varix. 1789 48


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