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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Autonomic dysreflexia is the most important specific complication of high level spinal cord injury both in tetraplegic and in paraplegic patients above the midthoracic neural segment. It is a life threatening emergency that may lead to apoplexy. We present a case of fatal cerebral hemorrhage due to autonomic dysreflexia in order to demonstrate the gravity of this particular syndrome.
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PMID:Fatal cerebral hemorrhage due to autonomic dysreflexia in a tetraplegic patient: case report and review. 159 77

Autonomic dysreflexia has potentially life-threatening consequences in quadriplegics and high paraplegics. Seizures, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and fatal stroke may result. This article explains the pathophysiology of autonomic dysreflexia. Appropriate nursing interventions to prevent serious complications are described.
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PMID:Pathophysiology involved in autonomic dysreflexia. 293 55

Plastic surgeons are integral to the management team for patients with spinal cord injuries, with responsibilities including pressure sore management and upper extremity reconstruction. Injury to the spinal cord profoundly disrupts the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. In particular, the autonomic system can become unregulated, resulting in a massive sympathetic discharge called autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia occurs in the majority of patients with injuries above the sixth thoracic vertebra and causes sudden, severe hypertension. If left untreated, autonomic dysreflexia can result in stroke or death. Because this syndrome causes morbidity and mortality, it is crucial for plastic surgeons to be able to recognize and treat autonomic dysreflexia. This article reviews the etiology, symptoms, and treatment of this syndrome.
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PMID:Autonomic dysreflexia: a plastic surgery primer. 1296 49

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially dangerous complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). In AD, an individual's blood pressure may rise to dangerous levels and, if not treated, can lead to stroke and possibly death. All medical personnel, especially those interacting with SCI patients, must have a good understanding of its aetiology, complications and emergency management.
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PMID:Autonomic dysreflexia: the forgotten medical emergency. 1592 Aug 60

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a potentially dangerous complication of high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) characterized by exaggerated activation of spinal autonomic (sympathetic) reflexes, can cause pulmonary embolism, stroke, and, in severe cases, death. People with high-level SCI also are immune compromised, rendering them more susceptible to infectious morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying postinjury immune suppression are not known. Data presented herein indicate that AD causes immune suppression. Using in vivo telemetry, we show that AD develops spontaneously in SCI mice with the frequency of dysreflexic episodes increasing as a function of time postinjury. As the frequency of AD increases, there is a corresponding increase in splenic leucopenia and immune suppression. Experimental activation of spinal sympathetic reflexes in SCI mice (e.g., via colorectal distension) elicits AD and exacerbates immune suppression via a mechanism that involves aberrant accumulation of norepinephrine and glucocorticoids. Reversal of postinjury immune suppression in SCI mice can be achieved by pharmacological inhibition of receptors for norepinephrine and glucocorticoids during the onset and progression of AD. In a human subject with C5 SCI, stimulating the micturition reflex caused AD with exaggerated catecholamine release and impaired immune function, thus confirming the relevance of the mouse data. These data implicate AD as a cause of secondary immune deficiency after SCI and reveal novel therapeutic targets for overcoming infectious complications that arise due to deficits in immune function.
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PMID:Autonomic dysreflexia causes chronic immune suppression after spinal cord injury. 2392 52

Context Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a life-threatening complication of chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective To document and provide insight into the life-threatening sequelae associated with AD. Methods A review was conducted to identify literature which documented cases of AD associated with life-threatening outcomes (and death). The search strategy comprised of a keyword search on the PubMed database as well as manual searches of retrieved articles. Outcomes were categorized into three main classes: central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular (CV), and pulmonary. Results Thirty-two cases of death or life-threatening complications of AD were found. Twenty-three (72%) cases were CNS-related, seven (22%) cases were CV-related, and two (6%) cases were pulmonary-related. In total, seven (22%) deaths were noted as a direct result of complications following an AD attack. Conclusion AD is a well-known consequence of SCI among individuals with high thoracic and cervical injuries. Many of these individuals experience this condition on a daily basis. Medical personnel, care givers, and individuals with SCI should be aware of the importance of timely diagnosis and management of this life-threatening condition, which can result in a variety of significant complications including stroke, seizures, myocardial ischemia, and death.
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PMID:Life-threatening outcomes associated with autonomic dysreflexia: a clinical review. 2409 Apr 18

Autonomic dysreflexia is a medical emergency occurring after spinal cord injury caused by disruption of the normal autonomic responses to a stimulus below the level of spinal cord lesion. Although it can lead to stroke, convulsions, cardiac arrest and death, health professionals are largely ignorant of the condition and it is frequently misdiagnosed. This article gives an overview of autonomic dysreflexia, along with how it can be diagnosed and treated.
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PMID:Autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injury. 2666 85