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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 54-year-old non-right-handed man with positive familial sinistrality showed a pure right hemisphere syndrome following a left hemisphere stroke. Severe right side hemineglect, transcortical motor dysprosodia, spatial dysgraphia and visuo-constructive impairments were observed. At no time were the expected left hemisphere abnormalities such as aphasia, alexia, right-left disorientation or finger agnosia noted. A left fronto-temporal subcortical lesion was documented on CT scan. A Tc-99m HM-PAO SPECT study revealed no cerebral blood flow changes in the right hemisphere while in the left hemisphere a fronto-temporo-parietal cerebral blood flow reduction was evident. This case of a complete reversed laterality of cognitive functions argues for a distinction to be made between 'anomalous' cerebral dominance and 'atypical' cerebral dominance.
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PMID:Reversed laterality of cerebral functions in a non-right-hander: neuropsychological and spect findings in a case of 'atypical' dominance. 173 72

We examined a patient who exhibited Gerstmann's syndrome (left-right disorientation, finger agnosia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia) in association with a perioperative stroke in the right parietal lobe. This is the first description of the Gerstmann tetrad occurring in the setting of discrete right hemisphere pathologic findings. A well-localized vascular lesion was demonstrated by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single-photon emission computed tomographic studies. The patient had clinical evidence of reversed functional cerebral dominance and radiologic evidence of reversed anatomic cerebral asymmetries.
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PMID:Right parietal stroke with Gerstmann's syndrome. Appearance on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single-photon emission computed tomography. 201 21

Acquired dysgraphia has been described as a disorder of graphemic selection and spatial temporal disorganization which can exist in isolation or as a component of a broader language or cognitive syndrome. There is little agreement on the locus of writing centers, although select areas within the left hemisphere have been suggested. We describe a patient who had dysgraphia after a right hemispheric stroke. He had no demonstrable signs of limb apraxia or visual field deficit, and only subtle signs of language impairment other than the writing disturbance. Treatment emphasized progressively more complex writing tasks which included the following: (1) written responses to picture/word stimuli, (2) word and sentence dictation, and (3) self-generated sentences and functional writing tasks. At discharge from the hospital the patient's writing was within normal limits. Our findings were similar to those described for a patient with a left hemispheric stroke who was primarily dysgraphic. We conclude that our patient's dysgraphia was a component of a subtle aphasia as well as a spatial temporal disorganization disorder.
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PMID:Dysgraphia after right hemisphere stroke. 397 75

The present study was conducted to investigate the spelling ability of persons affected by mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD subjects produced more phonemically implausible (PI) spelling errors (e.g. enough-->enougigh) than normal subjects; in addition, AD subjects produced a higher percentage of PI spelling errors than normal AD subjects. We found that two clinical visual attention tests were better predictors of the number of PI spelling errors than a language measure. Moreover, we also found that AD subjects performed more poorly when they copied words that were viewed and removed from sight than when the same words were copied directly. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the performance of the normal elderly on direct and delayed copying tasks. AD subjects produced more errors when spelling long words than when spelling short words. Although the spelling performance of the normal elderly was also affected by the length of the words spelled, AD subjects showed a significantly greater drop in performance than normal subjects when the length of the words increased. The vocabulary of the short and long word lists did not differ in frequency of occurrence or imagability (i.e. abstractness). The results suggest that visual attention impairment and not language impairment accounts for the PI spelling errors of mild AD subjects. The results are discussed with reference to graphemic buffer deficits identified in case studies of stroke patients with dysgraphia.
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PMID:Spelling and attention in early Alzheimer's disease: evidence for impairment of the graphemic buffer. 764 Sep 65

We report on a patient with left hemispheric thromboembolic stroke whose writing performance on single word dictation following recovery from an aphasic syndrome remained severely impaired but fluent. Having only very fragmentary command of the target's written spelling she produced neologistic nonwords which were approximately the same length and contained, in addition to perseverative intrusions and unidentifiable errors multiple insertions, deletions, transpositions, and substitutions but only few unpronounceable combinations. The patient was tested 4 and 10 months postonset, before and after having attended a rehabilitation program for dysgraphia. Comparing pre- and post-rehabilitation error corpora we found, besides a slight improvement of her severe dysgraphia, a highly significant predilection of in-class substitutions regarding the consonant/vowel status of misspelled graphemes. The second error corpus revealed some influence of different consonant/vowel patterns among the targets on the emergence of spelling errors. We discuss the hypothesis of an influence of nonlexical "graphotactic" features on the spelling process as has been revealed by other cases of acquired dysgraphia published in recent years.
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PMID:Graphemic jargon: a case report. 795 18

A Yugoslavian perfectly bilingual for French and Serb had a limited left middle cerebral artery stroke. He developed a peculiar dysgraphia characterised by the use of Latin characters (French spelling) to transcribe Serb phonemes that would normally have been spelt in the Cyrillic alphabet. This dysgraphia was likely to be due to an impairment of the allographic procedure. It is concluded that allographs of the two alphabets are produced concomitantly in bialphabetical patients during the allographic procedure.
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PMID:Alphabetical paragraphia in a limited middle cerebral artery stroke. 820 50

A longitudinal design was applied to differentiate between normal variations of psychomotor development and lasting handwriting deficiency (dysgraphia). Sixteen primary school children were tested with writing tasks that were recorded on a computer-monitored'XY tablet. These tasks represented different modules of the handwriting model of Van Galen (1991). Dependent variables were spatial errors, movement time, movement dysfluencies, trajectory length, stroke curvature, and the degree of neuromotor noise in the movement velocity profiles. The latter variable was measured by means of Power Spectral Density Analysis of the movement velocity signal, which revealed that movements of poor writers were substantially more noisy than those of proficient writers, with a noise peak in the region of neuromotor tremor. At the same time, the poor writers were less accurate. It was concluded that control of spatial accuracy rather than allograph retrieval or size control is the discriminating feature in dysgraphic children. Moreover, poor writers do not catch up with their peers within the 1 year time span tested.
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PMID:Dysgraphia in children: lasting psychomotor deficiency or transient developmental delay? 938 4

Following a cerebral vascular accident, a patient showed a classical disconnection syndrome: left-hand tactile anomia, apraxia and dysgraphia and right-hand constructional apraxia. What made the case unusual was the presence of hand asymmetry in the performance of some matching-to-sample tasks carried out in foveal vision. The left hand committed significantly more errors than the right hand when it was not possible to identify on a perceptual basis the stimulus that was to be matched, because it was removed (memory condition) or was indicated verbally (verbo-visual matching), or had the same name but not the same physical appearance as the match (capital and lower-case letter matching). No hand difference emerged when the stimulus remained in full view throughout the matching task (perceptual condition). The hand effect, however, was limited to colours and letters. Objects, geometrical shapes and unfamiliar faces were matched with equal proficiency by both hands under every condition of presentation. Left-hand errors also significantly outnumbered right-hand errors in sorting colours according to hue and colouring drawings. MRI showed an infarct in the left cingulate white matter that ran parallel to the trunk of the corpus callosum, and an infarct of the splenium. However, the latter did not prevent the transmission of colour and letter information between the two hemispheres, as shown by the performance on perceptual equivalence tasks and by the correct right-hand responses to stimuli projected to the left visual field. We propose that this pattern of deficit is contingent upon the specific role that the left hemisphere plays in categorizing a given colour patch as belonging to a definite colour region (red, blue, etc.) and in grapheme recognition. Without the assistance of the left side the right hemisphere lacks the benefit provided by meaning identification. In our patient the left brain did receive information from the right brain and was able to process it, but was prevented by the paracallosal lesion from transmitting what it knew to the right motor area. No hand effect emerged for objects and geometrical shapes, because their semantic memory is bilaterally represented.
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PMID:Let not thy left hand know what thy right hand knoweth. The case of a patient with an infarct involving the callosal pathways. 971 8

We report a patient who, after a left parieto-occipital lesion, showed alexia and selective dysgraphia for uppercase letters. He showed preserved oral spelling, associated with handwriting impairment in all written production; spontaneous writing, writing to dictation, real words, pseudowords, and single letters were affected. The great majority of errors were well-formed letter substitutions: most of them were located on the first position of each word, which the patient always wrote in uppercase (as he used to do before his illness). The patient also showed a complete inability to access the visual representation of letters. As demonstrated by a stroke segmentation analysis, letter substitutions followed a rule of graphomotor similarity. We propose that the patient's impairment was at the stage where selection of the specific graphomotor pattern for each letter is made and that the apparent selective disruption of capital case was due to a greater stroke similarity among letters belonging to the same case. We conclude that a visual format is necessary neither for spelling nor for handwriting.
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PMID:Selective uppercase dysgraphia with loss of visual imagery of letter forms: a window on the organization of graphomotor patterns. 1071 67

Phonological dysgraphia is a writing impairment, characterized by marked disability to spell pronounceable pseudo-words as opposed to relatively mild reduction in ability to spell real words. Within the realm of Korean vocabulary, there are two categories of real words: pure Korean words and Chinese-derivative words. We present a patient with a history of CVA, resulting in phonological dysgraphia and, further, a dissociated performance in the aforementioned two categories of real words. It is suggested that the lexicon for pure Korean words is segregated from that for Chinese-derivative words.
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PMID:Dissociation of pure korean words and Chinese-derivative words in phonological dysgraphia. 1092 21


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