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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The time courses of ventilation (VE), O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 elimination (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (R), end-tidal PO2 and PCO2 and heart rate (HR) were studied in seven subjects performing light dynamic leg exercise in the supine position. Individual and group mean time courses in response to step changes in work load were computed and displayed graphically. A computer-based method was also used to fit mono- or bi-exponential mathematical functions to the recorded responses. The over-all rate of HR change in response to the transition from 0-load pedalling to exercise (on-response) was faster (mean response time, MRT = 31 s) than the corresponding VO2 response (MRT = 45 s) while VE responded considerably slower (MRT = 86 s). During the reverse transition (off-response), VO2 and VE changed with the same rate as in the on-response, while the HR-change was slower than during the on-response (MRT = 50 s). During the initial 15-sec period, VO2 changed only slightly, which contrasts to previous results in the sitting position, where 50% of the final change in VO2 has been reported to occur within the first 15-sec period, and where changes in blood distribution and stroke volume are known to be more pronounced than in the supine position. Our results emphasize the importance of central circulatory changes for the time course of VO2 at the start and end of exercise.
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PMID:Time courses of pulmonary gas exchange and heart rate changes in supine exercise. 118 40

A multi-slice technique for MRT measurements of the left ventricular volume is much faster than the use of single-slice methods and is therefore better tolerated, leaving time for additional measurements. The end-diastolic left ventricular volume can be reliably measured by this method (123.3 +/- 13.5 ml vs. 124.1 +/- ml). The end-systolic volume is consistently overestimated by 23.7 +/- 18.3% compared with the reference value obtained by single slice measurements (47.9 +/- 8.9 ml vs 39.1 +/- 7.9 ml). Correspondingly, stroke volume and ejection fraction is underestimated on average by 10.6 +/- 9.7% and 10.6 +/- 7.6% respectively).
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PMID:[Measurement error estimation in MR tomographic volumetry of the left ventricle with the multisection technic]. 142 Nov 84

The clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is often difficult, since the clinical presentation varies between patients and is often uncharacteristic. Therefore, CJD is often not suspected until late in the disease process, due to the rapid progress of the disease. Suspected CJD is, however, frequent in routine clinical practice, in the investigation of patients with rapidly progressing dementia and/or uncharacteristic neurological symptoms. We present results from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses in CJD, focusing on the two neuron-specific proteins 14-3-3 and tau. Analysis of 14-3-3 protein is performed by Western blotting, in which 14-3-3 is either detectable in CSF or not, while CSF-tau is analyzed using quantitative ELISA methodology, in which a markedly increased CSF level of tau (< 1500 pg/mL) is indicative of CJD. Tau and 14-3-3 findings show comparable sensitivity and specificity, higher than the presence of spike and wave complexes on an EEG. The increase in CSF-tau in CJD is substantially higher than in Alzheimer's disease, with low overlap between the disorders. Instead, false positive results are found in disorders with massive acute neuronal damage (encephalitis, stroke and CNS tumors). In cases in which these disorders cannot be differentiated from CJD on clinical grounds, they can often be identified by MRT or by the finding of blood-brain barrier damage or signs of inflammation upon CSF analysis. CSF-tau is increasingly used in the routine diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and the analysis also seems to be of use in the clinical diagnosis of CJD. We also present three cases from routine clinical practice, all with a marked increase in CSF-tau, which was the only positive objective sign in two of the cases.
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PMID:[CSF-analyses in clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. A literature review and three cases from routine clinical practice]. 1143 75

Of 204 patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) treated in the hospital in 1980-2000, 43(21.2%) developed neurological complications. These were: ischemic stroke (72.1%), hemorrhagic stroke (9.3%), both (7%), abscess and subarachnoidal hemorrhage (2.3% for each), meningitis (7%), toxic encephalopathy (11.6%). Neurological complications of IE arose prior to treatment and within the first week of antibacterial therapy in 63% cases, more frequently in the left carotid territory. Neurological complications in IE debute manifested acutely, pareses were more frequent than paralyses, with elevated temperature, low hemoglobin and red cell levels, leukocytosis. MRT detected 8 +/- 4.6 foci in the brain, CT--2 +/- 1.1, on the average. Lethality of IE patients with neurological complications reached 58.1% and was significantly higher than in those without such complications (14.9%, p < 0.001). Overall acturial survival 1 year after the discharge from the hospital was 94.4%, 5-year survival--61.1%, 10-year survival--11%.
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PMID:[Neurological complications of infectious endocarditis]. 1189 17

BMS-204352 is a novel maxi-K channel opener that is being developed for the treatment for stroke. The current study was designed to evaluate the dose proportionality and pharmacokinetics of BMS-204352 in dogs. In an open, three-way crossover study, three beagle dogs received a single intravenous dose of BMS-204352 as a 6-min infusion into the femoral vein at 0.4, 0.9, and 2.0 mg/kg dose levels. There was at least a 1-week washout period between treatments. Serial blood samples were collected for up to 32 h post dose and plasma samples were analyzed for the concentrations of intact BMS-204352 using a validated liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a non-compartmental method. Results indicated that peak BMS-204352 concentrations (C(max)) and area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) values increased in a dose proportional manner. Mean residence time (MRT, 18.2-21.9 h) and elimination half-life (T(half), 13.5-17 h) did not change with dose. There was no dose dependency in the mean BMS-204352 total body clearance (CLT, 134-158 ml/h/kg) and mean steady state volume of distribution (VSS, 2839-3291 ml/kg). The high VSS value indicated that BMS-204352 was distributed extensively in the extravascular tissues. In conclusion, BMS-204352 exhibits linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range tested (0.4-2 mg/kg).
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of BMS-204352 after intravenous administration to dogs. 1193 63

In split of a dramatic increase of syphilis incidence over the last time, neurosyphilis cases are reported relatively rare. The data on ischemic stroke of syphilis origin in 5 patients (3 males and 2 females, aged 35-43 years) are presented. A diagnosis was verified on the basis of clinical and MRT data and the results of blood and spinal fluid serological reactions. The patients had mild and moderate headache (5), movement (5) and sensitivity (3) disorders, membrane syndrome (2), hemianopsia (2), coma (1). Because of the absence of anamnesis data on syphilis survived, recognition of stroke origin was delayed and established only after positive serum and liquor tests. One patient died of multifocal brain lesion, 4 patients discharged from the hospital had differently pronounced movement disorders.
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PMID:[Cerebral ischemic strokes in young patients with neurosyphilis]. 1274 98

The paper deals with hemorrhagic stroke (HS) pathogenesis and diagnosis in young people. Among cerebrovascular diseases in the young acute hemorrhagic strokes take noticeable place. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcoholism are among risk factors of subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH). Massive hemorrhages occur in the rupture of arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. HS in the young may be caused by blood diseases, i.e. leukemias, hemophilias, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, coagulopathies; vasculitis in diffuse diseases of the connective tissue; non-inflammatory arteriopathies; drug addiction. Genetic predisposition to HS development is discussed with focus to such diseases as a family form of moya-moya disease, glucocorticoid-depressed hyperaldosteronism, elastic pseudoxanthoma, Marfan's syndrome, renal olycystosis, Sturge-Veber syndrome. It is recommended to use wider updated methods of neurovisualization (CT, MRT, angiography) in diagnosis of HS. The conclusion is made that HS diagnosis, especially in the young, needs a multidisciplinary approach with active participation of neurologist, neurosurgeon, therapist, endocrinologist, hematologist.
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PMID:[Specific features of pathogenesis and diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke in young patients]. 1511 67

A twelve and a half year old girl of foreign nationality was been found in her domestic environment in unwakeable condition. The emergency was alarmed, and she was transferred to the children's hospital. Her condition at this time: she was unconscious and suffering from cold sweat but her circulation was stable and her respiration sufficient. Because of language barriers it was difficult to find out the antecedence of her state, but an empty box of pills (Amitryptilin) lying next to the patient may serve as a first hint to a intoxication. The father denied that his daughter might have consumed drugs or alcohol and meant that any abuse of medicine was out of the question. First urinary measurements to check if any drugs might be involved remain inconspicuous; in a control measurement of the blood 12 hours later only an elevation of the CPK is noticed as an unusual detail. The CPK-MB remains being according to normal. The native CT of the skull remains inconspicuous as well as the control with contrastation after 12 hours and a MRT-examination after 36 hours. The liquor punction does not give hints to any pathological facts. The EEG shows a high degree of continuous irregular slowe waves over both hemispheres in the delta and theta activity range. This gives reason to assume an encephalitis. The result of an electrocardiogram reveals a sinus bradycardia. The therapy was symptomatically, virustatically with aciclovir, antibiotically with cefotaxim and prophylactically against edema of brain with dexamethason. After 24 hours the patient abruptly awakes from coma and after 36 hours the reason for the coma can be stated: The toxicological examinations of the blood lead to the result: Intoxication with Baclofen. Explantation for the origin of the tablets: The family lives together with an aunt, who, after a cerebrovascular accident, was treated with Baclofen, Amitryptilin and ASA.
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PMID:[Baclofen-intoxication in a child resulting in coma, bradycardia and transitory defect of visual power]. 1577 May 81

Efficacy of poststroke rehabilitation depends on intensity of afferent current from the paretic limb to the lesion. The afferentation course is represented by neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) of the paretic hand's finger and hand extensors. The procedure's effect on the focus of acute ischemic lesion was analysed with MRT imaging including diffusion-perfusion-weighted MRT which can assess bioenergetic condition of the focus and brain perfusion. The analysis shows that NMES in acute ischemic stroke does not result in enlargement of the lesion and deterioration of brain circulation. Motor function seems to recover faster in the group given NMES.
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PMID:[Neuromuscular electrostimulation in acute ischemic stroke]. 1614 7

Presented are the results of the use of histochrome in animals with experimental hemorrhagic stroke. An influence of the compound on cerebral edema and the dynamics of hemoglobulin converting as well as a role of MRT in diagnostic of experimental hemorrhagic stroke in different periods of the disease are discussed.
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PMID:[An influence of histochrome on the dynamics of neurological disorders and MRT-picture in experimental hemorrhagic stroke]. 1644 56


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