Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article describes the diary of a man from 19th-century England (1829-1834) that documents the onset and course of his wife's epilepsy after a stroke. Her stroke produced aphasia and right hemiparesis, but her epilepsy was the diary's focus and caused the greatest concern. The diary documents the history of her epilepsy in detail. In addition to tonic-clonic seizures, she experienced frequent bouts of status epilepticus and complex partial seizures. The diary contains some of the earliest recorded descriptions of status epilepticus and its aftermath of delirium, mood disorder, and hysteria. It also offers some of the earliest and most detailed accounts of complex partial seizures. Bleeding by cupping was the only symptomatic or prophylactic treatment recorded. These aspects of the diary are presented, as are the historical perspectives on epilepsy, including early beliefs and stigmas, therapeutic remedies, and early European views of epilepsy.
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PMID:A diary of epilepsy in the early 1800s. 1726 88

Background. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are a rare phenomenon in electroencephalography, occurring in acute structural brain lesions. In general, PLEDs appear transiently in acute lesions, but a few reports have described persistent PLEDs in chronic lesions. Case report. An 86-year-old female was admitted, in 1999, with a left MCA stroke associated with right hand focal motor seizures. The first EEG in February of 2002 showed PLEDs over the left hemisphere associated with rhythmic discharges (PLEDs-plus). The patient was admitted on a second occasion in 2003 because of three sequential seizures and the EEG showed a similar pattern. Finally in 2006, the patient was admitted again because of sequential complex partial seizures and an EEG showed the same PLEDS-plus pattern as the EEGs of 2002 and 2003. Discussion. We report an unusual case of chronic PLEDs associated with rhythmic discharges in a patient with recurrent seizures and remote stroke.
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PMID:Chronic PLEDs with transitional rhythmic discharges (PLEDs-plus) in remote stroke. 1752 27

The mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder of mitochondrial DNA. Patients with this syndrome may present acute onset of sensorineural hearing loss, which is genetic in origin. An impression of the MELAS syndrome is favored because hearing loss is part of the syndrome for some patients with epilepsy. We report a 20-year-old man who suffered from acute onset of bilateral hearing loss with epilepsy and two stroke-like events which recovered without any sequela. Epilepsy with complex partial seizures was controlled by antiepileptic drugs. Brain magnetic resonance images showed high signal lesions in bilateral temporal lobes. Serum levels of pyruvate and lactate were elevated. Muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers and molecular genetic study showed a point mutation of the mitochondrial A3243G gene. Mitochondrial disease with the MELAS syndrome was diagnosed and then he was treated with Co-enzyme Q10 and carnitine. The symptoms recovered gradually.
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PMID:Acute hearing loss in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). 1796 57

The role played by different humoral factors, including antiphospholipid antibodies, in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome (TS) is still presently unclear. We present a patient with chronic and severe TS who, at the age of 16 years, presented an ischemic stroke in the left posterior cerebral artery and/or postero-inferior temporal branch of the left medial cerebral artery. A complete study was negative with the exception of a positive lupus anticoagulant. The stroke was related with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The stroke manifested visual abnormalities and thereafter by secondary generalized complex partial seizures. The epileptic syndrome was initially difficult to control but responded dramatically to levetiracetam. With this therapy, the manifestations of TS, especially the tics, improved. We conclude that some TS cases may present APS. In addition, levetiracetam may be useful in the management of TS. Further investigations should pursue both these facts.
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PMID:Ischemic stroke and epilepsy in a patient with Tourette's syndrome: association with the antiphospholipid syndrome and good response to levetiracetam. 1901 5

Oro-alimentary automatisms such as chewing movements, lip-smacking, repeated snuffling, swallowing and retching have been reported with seizures usually of temporal lobe origin. Throat clearing, usually along with other vegetative signs, has been reported in patients with temporal and rarely extra-temporal lobe epilepsy. We report a case of a 93-year-old woman admitted with acute right temporo-occipital stroke. Repeated throat clearing episodes raised suspicion for complex partial seizures. Video-EEG recording confirmed frequent right hemispheric focal seizures originating from the right posterior temporal area concordant with her cortical stroke. The value of throat clearing as a sign of complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin and its lateralizing and localizing value is discussed.
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PMID:Nonconvulsive status epilepticus presenting with throat clearing as part of clinical seizure semiology. 2030 16

Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder with progressive hemifacial atrophy of unknown etiology. We reported 2 cases of progressive hemifacial atrophy with different neurological manifestations from Kuwait. The first case was a 14-year-old boy who initially presented with recurrent transient stroke-like episodes followed by focal seizures and hemifacial atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant white matter changes and cerebral hemiatrophy. The second case was a 7-year-old girl who presented with complex partial seizures and hemifacial atrophy, her magnetic resonance imaging scan showed minimal changes in the hemiatrophy of the temporal cerebral lobe. Both patients' disease activity was well controlled with immunosuppressive therapy and anticonvulsants. Parry-Romberg syndrome should be considered in any child with unexplained neurological symptoms.
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PMID:Parry-Romberg syndrome in Kuwait. Neurological manifestations in 2 children. 3128 34


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