Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increasing work rate was performed by 40 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, split into two groups according to FEV1 (group M, mean FEV1 1-451. and group S, mean FEV1 0-621.), and by 20 normal, non-athletic men of similar age to the patients. Values for cardiac frequency and ventilation were interpolated to standard oxygen uptakes of 0-75, 1-0, and, where possible, 1-5 min-1. The tidal volume at a ventilation of 20 and 30 1 min-1 was also determined. The cardiac frequencies at oxygen uptake of 0-75 and 1-01 min-1 were significantly higher in the patient groups than in the normal men, and were highest in patient group S. The cardiac output when related to the oxygen uptake was in the normal range in all three groups of subjects, so that the patients had smaller stroke volumes than the normal men. Ventilation at oxygen uptakes of 0-75 and 1-01 min-1 was significantly higher in both patient groups than in the normal subjects; there were no significant differences between the two patient groups, Values for dead space/tidal volume ration, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and the percent venous admixture measured during a constant work rate test were significantly greater than normal in the patient groups. Possible factors limiting exercise tolerance in these patients were assessed by extending the increasing work rate test from submaximum to maximum exercise. Changes in blood gas tensions and blood lactate concentrations from resting levels were small, and probably did not limit exercise performance. Measurements at maximum exercise did not add appreciably to the analysis of the disturbed cardiopulmonary function. This study has shown that major disturbances in cardiopulmonary function can be demonstrated without the need for stressing a patient to the limit of his effort tolerance.
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PMID:An analysis of the physiological strain of submaximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. 117 25

A study of 45 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis by the method of radionuclide ventriculography with 99mTc showed that even the early stages of the disease were characterized by an inhibition of the contractile function of the left cardiac ventricle. With progression of respiratory insufficiency, maintaining of the left cardiac ventricle stroke volume is achieved by increase of the final-diastolic and final-systolic volumes. Appearance of signs of cardiac decompensation is accompanied by a breakdown of this compensatory mechanism accompanied by a reduction of the strike volume and diminished rate of contraction of the circular fibers of the left ventricle myocardium.
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PMID:[Left ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. 144 82

An office and autopsy study was performed to see if early graying was associated with increased morbidity, earlier age at death, and specific cause of death. 195 consecutive office patients over the age of 40 were studied to see if premature graying of scalp hair (50% or more gray before age 50) was associated with increased incidence of disease before age 50 (P = ns). Their parents' mean ages at death, prematurely gray or not, were compared. For fathers, mean age at death if prematurely gray was 68.27 years; if not prematurely gray, 66.03 years (P = 0.35). For mothers, the values were 70.55 years and 70.37 years respectively (P = greater than 0.50). 874 autopsy patients dying over a 23-year period (1966-1989) were studied to see if the median age at death (of patients 50% or more gray) differed for any of the six categories of disease (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cancer, stroke, pneumonia/bronchitis, or cirrhosis of the liver/GI problems) when compared to the entire autopsy sample of 19 categories of disease (P = ns for each comparison). This dual office and autopsy study provides no evidence to support the contention that early gray hair is a risk factor.
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PMID:Is early onset of gray hair a risk factor? 180 64

Changes in myocardial function of the right ventricle depending on oxygen tension in arterial blood were studied in 95 patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) characterized by dramatic bronchial patency impairment and varying degree of respiratory insufficiency. Central hemodynamics was examined by echo-Doppler-cardiography and integral rheography. It has been established that in COB patients, the status of hemodynamics agrees well with the grade of respiratory insufficiency. As hypoxia increases, systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery rises; the size of the right ventricle and the width of its anterior wall increase; contractile function of the right ventricle does not depend on changes in oxygen tension in arterial blood; the compensatory increase of the cardiac and stroke indices is accompanied, as hypoxia rises, by diminution of pulmonary vascular resistance.
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PMID:[The hemodynamic status of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and different degrees of respiratory failure]. 194 23

Cluster analysis was used to examine the nature and magnitude of changes in left ventricular pump function in relation to the severity of primary bronchial obstruction in patients with non-atopic bronchial asthma (n = 45) and chronic obstructive bronchitis (n = 45). In the patients with obstructive lung disease, central hemodynamic changes were found to be determined by the bronchial patency and independent of the pathogenesis of the obstruction. During a remission there was a significant reduction in total peripheral resistance as compared to the values seen in healthy subjects, whereas in moderate or severe obstruction there was a marked increase in total peripheral resistance and a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output. A drastic bronchial obstruction was followed not only by central hemodynamic changes, but a fall in ejection fraction and a rise in left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes.
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PMID:[Pump function of the left ventricle during the stages of cor pulmonale development]. 227 42

Average heights of adults and children in the counties of England and Wales were examined using national samples of people born between 1920 and 1970. Although height increased over this 50-year period the differences between counties persisted. Average height in a county is closely related to its pattern of death rates, which were derived from all deaths during 1968-78. Counties with taller populations have lower mortality from chronic bronchitis, rheumatic heart disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke, and higher mortality from three hormone-related cancers, of the breast, prostate and ovary. The inverse relation of height with bronchitis and cardiovascular disease is further evidence of risk factors acting in early childhood. The positive relation between height and cancers of the breast, ovary and prostate could suggest that promotion of child growth has disadvantages as well as benefits.
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PMID:Height and mortality in the counties of England and Wales. 884 13

Nifangin (nifedipine), manufactured by the Laakepharmos Co., Finland, was used in 75 patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive bronchitis. The effect of a single 20 mg dose and a course of treatment (60 mg daily for 18 days) was assessed by monitoring with the help of echocardiography, venous occlusion plethysmography, laser Doppler flowmetry as well as external respiration and blood gases partial tension measurement. In patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, the drug was used in combination with cardiac glycosides and diuretics. A single dose of nifangin reduced regional vascular resistance by 33%, and increased volumetric blood flow rate by 51%. The treatment course increased the stroke index and the cardiac index (by 21 and 23%, respectively) and improved blood oxygenation and external respiration parameters. The absence of side effects makes nifangin one of the most effective vasodilating agents, indicated for patients with congestive heart failure.
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PMID:[Effect of the calcium antagonist nifangin on hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure]. 267 59

The relation between hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure in the elderly is well established. The concept that this was entirely due to hardening of the arteries and, therefore, an essential feature of aging has been revised in the last 15 years to show that there are groups of elderly people in whom hypertension is not a problem, and in this group stroke disease and heart failure are relatively uncommon. The treatment of hypertension in the elderly attracts increasing attention. The successful lowering of blood pressure in the elderly has now been reported by many authors with a variety of therapeutic agents. The case for treatment has been demonstrated in those up to 80 years of age by the European Working Party in Hypertension in the Elderly, and relevant data on compliance are also available in the older age group in the Sub-Group Analysis of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Programme. A similar reduction of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, can be safely achieved with thiazides, beta-blockade, calcium channel blockade, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and centrally acting drugs. The differentiation between these groups is largely a matter of the side effects that occur and any concurrent existing illness from which the patient suffers, e.g., diabetes, bronchitis, heart failure, and so on. From the information available to date, the problem of choice of the most suitable drug remains a clinical decision for the prescribing doctor.
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PMID:Hypertension in the elderly. 278 25

Changes in central hemodynamic parameters in response to acetylcholine aerosol inhalations were evaluated in 60 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and 17 normal male subjects. In patients with chronic bronchitis, induced bronchial obstruction was accompanied with increased heart rate and stroke volume as well as circulation shift to a hyperdynamic regimen with a rise in minute volume and systemic arterial blood pressure. There was no direct correlation between the degree of bronchial obstruction and the increment in cardiac output. The increase in cardiac output was however shown to be significantly higher in individuals who responded to acetylcholine inhalation with an at least 20% drop in forced exhalation within 1 second, as compared to less sensitive patients, while the rate of hyperdynamic response was dependent on the severity of pre-inhalation bronchial obstruction.
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PMID:[Central hemodynamic changes in the early stages of the development of cor pulmonale]. 344 13

MICs of BRL 25000, a combination of a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor CVA and AMPC in the ratio of 1 to 2, were determined against a number of bacterial strains and compared with those of AMPC, CVA, CEX and CCL. The 98 bacterial strains tested included 2-S. aureus, 23-H. influenzae, 25-E. coli, 22-K. pneumoniae and 26-P. mirabilis. In pharmacokinetic studies, BRL 25000 medium granules were administered to groups of 3 male subjects, aged between 7 years 8 months and 9 years 5 months, at doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg, 2 hours after a meal. The resultant serum and urine concentrations and drug recoveries were measured. Furthermore, BRL 25000 was administered to a total 43 patients (2-pharyngitis, 8-tonsillitis, 3-bronchitis, 2-pneumonia and 28-urinary tract infection) whom clinically evaluable. An average daily dosage of 45.3 mg/kg was given, in 3 or 4 divided doses, for a period of 8 days on average. Clinical and bacteriological effects as well as side effects were studied. In the microbiological studies on 98 clinical strains, including beta-lactamase negative bacteria, BRL 25000 showed MICs against the Gram-positive cocci (2-S. aureus) superior to the other 4 drugs at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml. For the Gram-negative bacilli, against H. influenzae at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was inferior in the small MIC range but superior in the large MIC range to AMPC, and was superior to the other 3 drugs. Against E. coli at an inoculum of 10(8) cells/ml, BRL 25000 showed antibacterial activity next to AMPC and CCL whilst at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, it was inferior in the small MIC range but superior in the large MIC range to AMPC and CEX and was inferior to CCL but superior to CVA. Against K. pneumoniae at an inoculum of 10(8) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was equal to AMPC, CVA and CEX but inferior to CCL, whilst at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, it was inferior to CCL but superior to the other 3 drugs. Against P. mirabilis at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was inferior in the small MIC range but equal or superior in the large MIC range to AMPC, and was superior to CVA and CEX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical trials of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the field of pediatrics]. 389 76


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