Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nutrition has always been a subject of great interest to athletes. In recent years use of exercise has, however, expanded from competitive sports to prevention/management of chronic diseases and maintenance of optimal health. Exercise is recommended in the prevention/management of noninsulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, obesity, mental health, colon cancer, stroke and back injury. Similarly, there is evidence that certain nutrients (e.g., vitamins C and E, beta-carotene and calcium) may reduce the risk of certain cancers, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, hypertension and cataract. Thus, there seems to be concordance between the health benefits of exercise and certain nutrients. However, several human and animal studies suggest that strenuous exercise may promote free radical production, leading to lipid peroxidation and tissue damage. On the other hand, there is evidence that vitamins C and E and beta-carotene may protect against such damage. Thus, concordance between the health benefits of exercise and nutrition and a compensatory role of antioxidant nutrients against the potentially harmful effects of exercise suggests that nutrition and exercise should form important components of any regimen for prevention of chronic diseases and/or promotion of optimal health.
 ...
PMID:A current perspective on nutrition and exercise. 154 45

One hundred and eighty-eight known Type 2 diabetic patients aged over 60 years identified by a geographically based survey of a population of 40,076 were followed for a median of 6 years to determine the incidence of various complications. There were 63 deaths and two patients were lost to follow-up. The presence of complications was determined using a structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Incidence rates of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were 56 (95% CI 41-75), 22 (13-35), and 146 (117-174) 1000-person-years-1 of follow-up, respectively. Rates of stroke and PVD rose significantly with age. Retinopathy occurred at a rate of 60 (42-83) 1000-person-years-1 and cataract at 29 (17-46) 1000-person-years-1 although visual acuity in survivors did not deteriorate overall, probably reflecting the high mortality associated with cataract. The rate of proteinuria (albumin concentration greater than 300 mg l-1) was 19 (9-34) 1000-person-years-1. Incidence rates were unrelated to sex or duration of diabetes. Diabetes is associated with a continuing incidence of complications into old age. Adequate facilities are required to assess and treat the resulting morbidity in a population with an increasing proportion of elderly people.
 ...
PMID:A population-based study of the incidence of complications associated with type 2 diabetes in the elderly. 183 44

Clinicopathological studies were performed on 156 lenses of human senile cataract obtained by cataract operations between 1970 and 1988. It became clear that the aging influences the functional destruction of the equatorial region, the pathological changes of the bow area, and changes of the extralens environment. After operation for the atrophic type of the posterior subcapsular cataract, aftercataract easily develops on the intraocular lens and this requires treatment. Long-term observations were carried out in 180 Wistar male rats under the same laboratory condition and histological studies were performed. The similarities between the senile Wistar rat cataract and the human senile cataract indicate that the Wistar rat cataract is useful as a model for studying the human senile cataract. These rats were initially classified into six groups (control, vitamin E diet, EPC eye drops, catalin eye drops and reduced catalin eye drops). To study the effects of the agents (vitamin E, ARI, EPC, catalin, reduced catalin) on the cataract in senile Wistar rats the mean cell density of lens epithelia were measured at 2 or 3-month intervals. There were no statistically significant differences in treated groups and the control group. The results suggest that these agents affect another factor of lens apart from the proliferative activity of lens epithelial cell. Effects of anti-cataract agents were investigated using cultured lens epithelial cells. When cultured rat lens epithelial cells were incubated in medium containing selenite, super-oxide dismutase (SOD) activity and GSH in the cells markedly decreased, and GSSG was markedly increased. When cultured rabbit lens epithelial cells were incubated in medium contained selenite and glutathione, SOD activity was maintained normal level. When cultured lens epithelial cells were incubated in medium contained selenite and pirenoxin, SOD activity also maintained a normal level. These results suggest that both glutathione and pirenoxin are effective as anti-cataract agents. Cataracts in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated on male of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), stroke resistant SHR (SHRSR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) rats aged 3 to 9 months. Cataracts in these rats were classified as follows: Type 0: no opaciiy, Type 1: nuclear opacity, Type 2: posterior subcapsular opacity, Type 3: nuclear opacity associated posterior subcapsular opacity and Type 4: complete opacity in both lenses. Incidence of cataract in WKY was 2.6%, SHRSR, 76.8% ant SHRSP, 88.2%. Incidence of nuclear opacity was remarkably higher in SHRSP (48.5%). In SHR aged from 3 to 5 months, nuclear opacity was ahead of the appearance of posterior subcapsular opacity which was increased during aging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Cataract--clinic and pathology]. 227 35

Many potential complications associated with retrobulbar anesthesia have been reported. Of these, sudden loss of vision in the contralateral eye is the least expected. We report a case of immediate loss of vision in the fellow eye after retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction. Possible etiology such as emboli thrown during ventricular fibrillation, direct optic nerve anesthetic injection with reflux to the chiasm, cortical stroke, amaurosis fugax, arterial injection of anesthetic material, and hysteric reaction are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Immediate contralateral amaurosis after retrobulbar anesthesia. 231 54

Our objectives in conducting this evaluation were to present an overview of a basic phacoemulsification system and its components, to describe the phacoemulsification procedure within the context of the operating principles of the system's components, and to compare two manufacturers' products. Specifications for additional phacoemulsification systems are available in the November 1989 edition of ECRI's Hospital Product Comparison System. Both of the evaluated systems enable a surgeon to perform a complete cataract extraction procedure by phacoemulsification. We rated both units Acceptable. In selecting a unit, users should consider performance, safety, human factors design, and manufacturer training and support. Although list prices vary widely among available systems, cost factors should not override clinical performance and safety requirements. While we measured certain engineering parameters, such as stroke length and ultrasound (US) output forces exerted on a medium, we stress that the results of these tests do not provide enough information to predict clinical performance. Clinical performance of phacoemulsification systems can be determined only by the experience of the clinicians who use them. Clinicians should review our evaluation thoroughly before making a purchasing decision. The information we present is useful for purchasing the evaluated or other available models because our criteria will guide users in assessing all components, and our findings and discussion on some aspects are common to many available systems (e.g., type of pump, irrigation and aspiration [I/A] characteristics). The in-depth clinical and technical information will help users to better understand principles, thereby helping them to better define their needs. Although we discovered a number of problems with the evaluated models, users should not assume that similar or other problems do not exist with systems that we did not evaluate. The willingness of manufacturers to cooperate in our studies and the knowledge they gain through participating may lead to the development of better products.
 ...
PMID:Phacoemulsification systems. 264 60

A six year randomised trial was conducted among 5139 apparently healthy male doctors to see whether 500 mg aspirin daily would reduce the incidence of and mortality from stroke, myocardial infarction, or other vascular conditions. Though total mortality was 10% lower in the treated than control group, this difference was not statistically significant and chiefly involved diseases other than stroke or myocardial infarction. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke--indeed, disabling strokes were somewhat commoner among those allocated aspirin. The lower confidence limit for the effect of aspirin on non-fatal stroke or myocardial infarction, however, was a substantial 25% reduction. Migraine and certain types of musculoskeletal pain were reported significantly less often in the treated than control group, but as the control group was not given a placebo the relevance of these findings was difficult to assess. There was no apparent reduction in the incidence of cataract in the treated group. The lack of any apparent reduction in disabling stroke or vascular death contrasts with the established value of antiplatelet treatment after occlusive vascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. 312 82

Obtaining a valid informed consent from an elderly person, especially with possible senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT), first may involve solving the practical problems of effective communication. Perceptual constraints that frequently occur in the elderly and that may interfere with communication, i.e., the sharing of information, are auditory and/or visual. The most common auditory obstacle, presbycusis (the hearing loss for pure tones due to normal aging) and other hearing impairments, may make the communication of any information about a proposed research project difficult, if not impossible, when not suspected and successfully overcome. Speech and language impediments, whether as a result of stroke or SDAT, are also common and need to be addressed if the person is to communicate his or her concerns and questions effectively with the researcher. Included in such constraints are the misunderstandings that arise from the use of confusing vocabulary, especially "medicalese." Presbyopia, cataract, and glaucoma are some of the visual constraints that may play an important role in making it difficult for the person to read the informed consent form. This article discusses these and other impediments to effective communication with SDAT elderly and makes suggestions how to obviate them.
 ...
PMID:Communication and informed consent in clinical geriatrics. 354 59

The National Registry of Drug-induced Ocular Side Effects has accumulated 13 cases of possible major haemopoietic responses from topical ocular chloramphenicol. Over 75 cases of major haemopoietic events from carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are also reviewed. While numerous reports of local ocular effects secondary to timolol have been received by the Registry, the more significant adverse effects are the same systemic side effects seen with any beta-receptor blocking agent. Data in the Registry have shown that allopurinol may be possibly associated with cataract formation. Severe cardiovascular effects with elevated blood pressure and stroke are uncommon systemic adverse reactions following topical ophthalmic 10% phenylephrine, but these systemic effects have also been seen secondary to concentrations of 2.5%. Other drugs, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), ecothiopate (echothiophate), practolol, thiabendazole, and penicillamine are suspected of causing ocular pseudopemphigoid.
 ...
PMID:Ocular toxicology update. 639 76

The impact of discharge planning was measured in 3 community hospitals by comparing the annual median length of stay by diagnosis for 2 years before and for 2 years after the introduction of discharge planning. Congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and fractured hip were the diagnoses studied. Either cataract or benign prostatic hypertrophy served as the control diagnosis. Criteria were established to identify changes in length of stay which could be attributed to discharge planning. The results indicated that with the onset of discharge planning, the length of stay increased for some diagnoses and decreased for others at each hospital. The effect among the hospitals also appears to have been inconsistent.
 ...
PMID:Discharge planning effect on length of hospital stay. 682 19

We conducted a retrospective study of 29 diabetic patients (16 women and 13 men, all at least 60 years old) who underwent intraocular lens implantation (23 anterior chamber lenses, three iris-supported lenses, and three posterior chamber lenses) in conjunction with cataract extraction. The cataracts were either unilateral or, if bilateral, there was a four-line difference in visual acuity between fellow eyes. We included only patients with no diabetic retinopathy or only minimal background angiopathy. There were no surgical complications in any of the eyes. Transient postoperative increases in intraocular pressure were easily controlled with medication. Final corrected visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/200; 20 of the 29 patients achieved final visual acuities of 20/40 or better. In two patients, background retinopathy became active, leading to significant macular edema four months and one year later. In both cases, the macular edema decreased visual acuity from 20/30 to 20/200, although the visual acuity in one eye returned to 20/40 after laser photocoagulation. One patient had a cerebral vascular accident resulting in cortical blindness five months postoperatively and another developed rubeosis iridis and neovascular glaucoma 15 months postoperatively.
 ...
PMID:Experience with intraocular lens implants in patients with diabetes. 686 84


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>