Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although Whipple disease was described over a century ago, it remains challenging to recognize. To better understand the presentation of Whipple disease, we undertook a clinicopathologic study of our experience since implementation of the Whipple immunohistochemical stain. Twenty-three biopsy specimens from 15 patients were identified, and an association with immunomodulatory conditions was noted. Whipple disease involved the small intestine (19), brain (2), breast (1), and retroperitoneum (1). Whipple disease was suspected by 3 clinicians and by the majority of pathologists (9). Alternative clinical impressions included lymphoma, celiac disease, Crohn vasculitis, sepsis, an inflammatory process, liposarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, seizure disorder, cerebrovascular accident, xanthoma, and central nervous system neoplasm. The nonspecific nature of the disease presentation likely contributed to the extended period between onset of symptoms and a definitive diagnosis, which ranged from at least 1 year to over 10 years. One patient died of unknown causes, and both patients with detailed follow-up had clinically persistent disease. We also describe Whipple disease with therapy effects, including partial and complete histologic treatment effects. Awareness of the unusual clinicopathologic presentations of Whipple disease is essential for timely diagnosis of this potentially lethal disease.
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PMID:Whipple disease a century after the initial description: increased recognition of unusual presentations, autoimmune comorbidities, and therapy effects. 2274 87

Nogo is a member of the reticulon family. Our understanding of the physiological functions of the Nogo-A protein has grown over the last few years, and this molecule is now recognized as one of the most important axonal regrowth inhibitors present in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Nogo-A plays other important roles in nervous system development, epilepsy, vascular physiology, muscle pathology, stroke, inflammation, and CNS tumors. Since the exact role of Nogo-A protein in human brain development is still poorly understood, we studied its cellular and regional distribution by immunohistochemistry in the frontal lobe of 30 human fetal brains. Nogo-A was expressed in the following cortical zones: ependyma, ventricular zone, subventricular zone, intermediate zone, subplate, cortical plate, and marginal zone. The number of positive cells decreased significantly with increasing gestational age in the subplate and marginal zone. Using different antibodies, changes in isoform expression and dimerization states could be shown between various cortical zones. The results demonstrate a significant change in the expression of Nogo-A during the development of the human brain. The effects of its time- and region-specific regulation have to be further studied in detail.
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PMID:Expression of nogo-a is decreased with increasing gestational age in the human fetal brain. 2314

The advances in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over the last 20 years have vastly contributed to improving the understanding of the brain structure and function in patients with many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). DWI is commonly used, for instance, in the diagnostic workup of stroke, CNS neoplasia, and rapidly progressive dementia cases. The new DTI methods provide more specific information about the most destructive aspects of tumors, neurodegenerative dementia, and multiple sclerosis pathology and give a more complete picture of the complex pathologic mechanisms of these conditions. More recently, fMRI has provided insight to the mechanisms of brain adaptation and plasticity to damage related to many neurologic conditions and has further extended our ability to understand the functional significance of pathologic changes in these diseases. Although at present fMRI does not have a role in the diagnosis, routine assessment, and monitoring of neurologic diseases, significant efforts are under way in order to achieve harmonization of both acquisition and postprocessing procedures, which are likely to contribute to a significant change of the clinical scenario.
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PMID:Diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI. 2743 Apr 59


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