Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 123I-Iomanzenil (IMZ), a tracer which binds specifically to central-type benzodiazepine receptors, was performed in patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) to determine the clinical signicigance of IMZ SPECT studies in evaluating the pathophysiology of CVD. IMZ SPECT images obtained three hours after administration of the tracer were compared with the images of cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies in 206 cases. In regions with decreased CBF, the uptake of IMZ was relatively preserved in patients with cerebral thrombosis in comparison with cerebral embolism, and in those with perforator branch infarction in comparison with cortical infarction. The uptake of IMZ decreased as a function of both the severity of the decrease in the CBF and the duration of illness in regions with a significantly decreased perfusion reserve. These results suggest that decreased IMZ binding in ischemic stroke reflects the neuronal damage caused by the cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, the cortical uptake of IMZ was relatively well-preserved in regions with decreased CBF, and the decrease in the uptake of IMZ was more profound as a function of the decrease in the CBF, especially in cases of putaminal hemorrhage. These results also suggest that the decreased cortical CBF is a remote effect caused by a neuronal disconnection, and neuronal damage may occur in regions with severely impaired CBF.
 ...
PMID:[A phase 3 clinical trial of 123I-iomazenil, a new central-type benzodiazepine receptor imaging agent (Part 4)--Report on clinical usefulness in diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases]. 862 66

Electrical field distributions of event-related potentials (ERP's) were recorded during an auditory "oddball paradigm" and were analyzed in terms of time and space. Fourteen normal subjects and 14 chronic patients were cerebral thrombosis were studied. For the components N1 and P3 of the ERP's to target stimuli, reference-independent measures (latency, global field power, location of maximal or minimal potential, and location of centroids) were determined. Stroke patients displayed P3 abnormalities in latency, amplitude, and electrical field on the scalp. In addition, N1 electrical fields were also abnormal. These ERP abnormalities correlated significantly with the extent of mental function impairment in the stroke patients, and they improved after administration of a cerebral metabolic enhancer (Nefiracetam: DM-9384). The ERP's seemed to be sensitive in indicating the effects of the drug. These data suggest that time-course analysis of the spatial distribution of the ERP electrical field might be useful for evaluation of the extent of mental function impairment and the efficacy of drugs.
 ...
PMID:Electric field distribution of event-related potentials in stroke patients. 872 19

Postoperative stroke can have many etiologies including cerebral thrombosis, embolism, and hemorrhage. If there is a right-to-left intracardiac shunt, paradoxical embolism may also occur. Atrial septal aneurysm has been diagnosed with increasing frequency because of the accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Atrial septal aneurysm is also associated with patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defects. We report a case of a patient who developed a postoperative stroke one day after coronary artery bypass surgery. TEE performed in the intensive care unit revealed an atrial septal aneurysm with a right-to-left interatrial shunt, which may have resulted in paradoxical systemic embolism.
 ...
PMID:Significance of atrial septal aneurysm: report of a case. 891 Jan 84

A 40 year old woman presented successively an arterial and a venous cerebral thrombosis, revealing an inflammatory bowel disease. Digestive manifestations were very poor until then. Stroke is a rare complication of inflammatory bowel disease, and is usually correlated with and active phase of the disease. The mechanism by which the thrombogenic process occurs is unclear. The possible prothrombotic role of hemostasis disorders and the role of an angiitic process are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Cerebral thrombotic complications, arterial and venous, disclosing inflammatory bowel disease]. 903 46

We investigated brain activity during the self-initiated, simple, repetitive hand movement in two patients with hemiparesis due to stroke, who showed relatively good motor recovery, using movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements with positron emission tomography (PET). One patient had cortical lesions in the left premotor and left parietal cortices due to cerebral thrombosis, and the other had lesions in the right Rolandic area and several subcortical areas due to the occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. MRCPs in both patients showed lack of the contralateral predominance in amplitude of the late component of slow negative shift prior to the movement of the recovered hand. PET activation study showed increased rCBF in the ipsilateral hemisphere during the movement of the recovered hand. These findings suggest that the ipsilateral hemisphere to the recovered hand may play an important role in the process of motor recovery in patients with cortical infarction, especially within the time period of several hundred ms before the onset of each movement.
 ...
PMID:Movement-related cortical potentials and regional cerebral blood flow change in patients with stroke after motor recovery. 907 7

This study was performed to investigate the role of leukocyte accumulation in human cerebral infarction and its association with neurological functional outcome. A total of 42 patients diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke (22 embolism, 17 thrombosis, 3 TIA) were examined. Leukocyte accumulation was studied using indium-111-labeled leukocyte brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Volume of brain infarction was evaluated by CT and/or MRI. The data were compared with the cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging. Immediately after CBF study by SPECT using either technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxine (Tc-99m-HMPAO) or technetium-99m ethyl-cysteinate dimer (ECD), In-111-labeled autologous leukocytes were injected intravenously. Brain scan for leukocytes was performed after 48 hours. The European Stroke Scale was used for neurological assessment. Thirteen patients with cerebral embolism and three patients with cerebral thrombosis showed intensive accumulation of leukocytes in the region of low flow. Leukocyte's accumulation was not seen in patients with TIA. The accumulation of leukocytes was more noticeable in the central zone of the ischemia. Patients who showed negative leukocyte accumulation revealed clinically mild functional outcome and the size of infarction on CT and/or MRI was small. The regional accumulation of leukocytes was seen in all the patients with hemorrhagic infarction, but the degree of hemorrhage on CT did not have significant influence on the amount of leukocyte accumulation. Abnormal accumulation of leukocytes was associated with reduced CBF during the acute embolic stroke. The present clinical study revealed that leukocyte accumulation correlated with the poor neurological functional outcome in patients with acute embolic stroke. The present study confirms that leukocytes contribute to the ischemic tissue damage of the brain and demonstrates a clinical evidence that the regional accumulation of leukocytes has a deleterious effect on the brain following ischemia.
 ...
PMID:[In-111-labeled leukocyte brain SPECT imaging in acute ischemic stroke in man]. 914 67

We report a 49-year-old man who had right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. A computed tomography revealed hypodense areas in the left frontal subcortex. A cerebral angiography demonstrated occlusion of the left distal internal carotid artery and both anterior cerebral arteries, as well as stenosis of the left internal carotid artery at the cervical portion. The second angiogram obtained a month later showed no changes. The diagnosis of atherothrombotic cerebral infarction was established on the basis of clinical profile and angiographic findings. Protein C activity and antigen levels were reduced to approximately one half of the normal level in the patient and his brother. The patient had no other risk factors for stroke. Protein C deficiency has been considered one of the risk factors for thrombotic diseases. Venous thrombosis is the most common clinical manifestation, whereas arterial thrombosis is relatively rare. It is generally believed that arterial ischemic stroke associated with protein C deficiency occurs with embolic mechanism, and atherothrombotic infarction is extremely rare. This is the first report suggesting the possibility that protein C deficiency can cause cerebral thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:[A case of multiple cerebral arterial thrombosis due to congenital protein C deficiency]. 940 53

Hyperhomocysteinemia is regarded as a risk factor for stroke but its pathogenetic role has not yet been established in Black patients. We studied 24 Black patients admitted with cerebral thrombosis, and compared them with age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls from the same community. Total homocysteine (tHcy) (free homocysteine, protein-bound homocysteine, the disulfide homocystine and the mixed disulfide homocysteine-cysteine) concentration was 10.91 (4.95-23.05) mumol/l in the stroke patients and 8.73 (3.95-15.10) mumol/l in controls (p = 0.031). This difference could not be explained by differences in vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or folate status. A subgroup of nine stroke patients with hypercreatininaemia (> 90 mumol/l, 75% of control concentrations) had significantly higher plasma tHcy concentrations [median (range) 9.10 (5.40-15.10) mumol/l] compared with controls [8.65 (3.96-13.89) mumol/l] (p = 0.002). Plasma tHcy concentrations of stroke patients with normal serum creatinine concentrations were not significantly different to those of controls. Hyperhomocysteinemia in Black patients with stroke may be partially caused by renal insufficiency. Therefore, while hyperhomocysteinemia may increase the risk of stroke, it is unlikely to be a primary initiating factor.
 ...
PMID:Hyperhomocysteinaemia in black patients with cerebral thrombosis. 941 45

This paper will examine how cerebral perfusion deficits in cocaine abusers may be a target for pharmacotherapy. The review covers five areas: (1) cerebral ischemia and neuropsychological impairment in cocaine abusers, (2) neuroimaging evidence for cerebral perfusion defects in cocaine abusers, (3) mechanisms for cocaine induced cerebral thrombosis, (4) neurotoxicity from cerebral ischemia and excitatory amino acids, (5) glutamate antagonists as potential treatment agents for cocaine induced neurotoxicity. Several pharmacotherapies are suggested including antiplatelet agents and excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonists such as lamotrigine. Clinical trials in cocaine abusers with cerebral perfusion defects are indicated and EAA antagonists hold promise as they are developed for stroke treatment.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacotherapy of cerebral ischemia in cocaine dependence. 954 50

More than 50 randomized trials have documented the efficacy and safety of aspirin as an antiplatelet agent and a cardiovascular drug. However, the optimal dose for preventing coronary and cerebral thrombosis has long been a cause of debate. For patients with ischaemic heart disease the range recommended for the prevention of a secondary event, based on strong clinical evidence, is 75-160 mg aspirin/day. For patients with cerebrovascular disease, recommendations range from 30-1300 mg/day. If these patients require a higher dose of aspirin it suggests that a different mechanism of action is involved. This paper considers hypotheses and reports the findings of recent clinical trials. The SALT study compared aspirin with placebo in 1360 patients with TIA or minor ischaemic stroke. It showed an 18% reduction in the risk of stroke or death in patients receiving 75 mg aspirin/day. Five other trials of 55,000 patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease compared the protective effect of aspirin (range 30-300 mg/day) with placebo, clopidogrel, or oral anticoagulants. Aspirin was better than placebo, safer than oral anticoagulants, and no different from clopidogrel. The implications of these findings are discussed. Mechanistic studies and randomized clinical trials strongly suggest that the mechanism of action and dose requirement of the antithrombotic effect of aspirin in patients with cerebrovascular disease is the same as that for ischaemic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke by aspirin: different mechanisms? Different dosage? 978 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>