Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Shoulder pain is a frequent and debilitating problem in hemiplegic patients, and its etiology remains poorly understood. The role played by hemineglect in the appearance of shoulder pain was studied. During two years, 94 hemiplegic subjects were involved in a rehabilitation program after cerebrovascular accidents. Their average age was 68 years; 45 (47.9%) subjects had shoulder pain, and 24 subjects (22.5%) had hemineglect. The subjects with shoulder pain were compared to those without pain (the control group) with respect to gender, age, diabetes, heart failure, cardiac ischemia, scapulohumeral arthritis, and calcified tendinitis of the rotator cuff. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between hemineglect and shoulder pain in the hemiplegic (X2 (1) = 2.03, p = .15), although pain was significantly more frequent in subjects with right hemispheric cerebrovascular accident (X2 (1) = 5.0, p less than .025). The subjects with shoulder pain had significantly more spasticity of the affected limb (X2 (1) = 26.3, p less than .01), less sensitivity to pinprick of the upper paralyzed extremity (X2 (1) = 10.8, p less than .01), and a more severe subluxation of the affected shoulder (t(51) = 14.0, p less than .01).
 ...
PMID:Painful shoulder in the hemiplegic and unilateral neglect. 237 73

The biomechanics of swimming cause considerable stress on the shoulder joint which may be accentuated by improper stretching or training techniques. The rotator cuff, and particularly the supraspinatus tendon, is at risk in repetitive overhead stroke activity. Arthritis in the shoulder is primarily centered at the acromioclavicular joint; degeneration may occur as a result of overuse or leverage of the scapuloclavicular mechanism, or from motion related to upward pressure at the undersurface of the acromion due to subluxation or instability of the glenohumeral joint. Instability of the glenohumeral joint is a major problem which may occur in itself or in combination with rotator cuff tendinitis. The glenohumeral joint is stabilised superiorly by a posterior superior sling consisting of the long biceps tendon, the superior joint capsule, and the coracoacromial and coracohumeral ligaments. An anterior inferior sling mechanism consisting of the inferior glenohumeral ligament and subscapularis musculotendinous unit provides significant stability if uninjured. Fragments of labral tissue may mechanically wedge into the joint also leading to symptoms of subluxation. If the humeral head is wedged or allowed to slip out of joint due to capsular incompetency, secondary rotator cuff 'impingement' may occur; this is particularly difficult to manage. Prevention of injury is best accomplished through a programme of flexibility and strengthening avoiding overuse.
 ...
PMID:The prevention and treatment of injuries to the shoulder in swimming. 266 Feb 12

Common sports, involving raising the arms above the head, i.e., throwing, racquet games and swimming, often result in rotator cuff tendinitis. During the throwing motion, the humeral head and its overlying biceps tendon and rotator cuff must pass rapidly under the coraco-acromial arch. Damage to these structures can occur by several mechanism. First, an increase in the size of the structures passing underneath the arch may lead to impingement. This can occur either by way of hypertrophy of the musculotendinous cuff or by way of inflammation of the cuff. Second, a decreased space available underneath the arch secondary to osteophyte formation of the acromion and fibrosis of the subacromial space may lead to impingement. Third, weakness or incompetence of the rotator cuff allows the humerus to ride up and impinge on the coracoacromial arch with motion of the shoulder. Tendinitis can be combined with increased laxity of the glenohumeral joint and/or acquired instability due to a labral tear. Prevention of overuse injuries is a cornerstone of our treatment concept. The muscle tendon unit requires passive and neuromuscular facilitated streching after warming-up exercises. Muscular imbalance and weakness are prevented by balanced eccentric strenthening with particular attention to the external rotators and scapular muscles. Knowledge of the mechanics of the pitching motion, tennis serve, swimming stroke, etc. is of paramount importance in the prevention of injuries. As the onset of shoulder problems contributes to a particularly fatiguing situation, extreme fatique performance severity should be avoided. Every effort must be made to apply conservative treatment when overuse problems arise in the athlete's shoulder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Tendon ruptures of the shoulder]. 267 11

Competitive swimming is a rigorous sport being engaged in by an increasing number of young athletes. In swimmers, shoulder pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint and is usually due to supraspinatus or biceps tendinitis. Glenohumeral instability (often multidirectional) can also be a cause of shoulder pain in swimmers and may be more common than has been reported. Surgical treatment is seldom indicated. Physical therapy modalities and training modifications are the mainstay of treatment. Medial knee pain in breaststroke swimmers and extensor tendon inflammation over the dorsum of the foot are less common injuries and respond to conservative therapy. These overuse syndromes are best prevented by proper training schedules, strength training, flexibility exercises, and avoidance of errors in stroke technique. The rehabilitation program for a competitive swimmer should be chosen with an understanding of the goals of the swimmer and the cooperation of the coach.
 ...
PMID:Musculoskeletal injuries in competitive swimmers. 355 Mar 6

One hundred acute geriatric inpatients were assessed to investigate the prevalence of shoulder disorders; 21 had symptoms due to shoulder disease. Conditions included supraspinatus tendinitis (five), chronic rotator cuff rupture (seven), frozen shoulder (two), glenohumeral osteoarthritis (two), apatite related shoulder arthritis (one), stroke related shoulder disease (six). (Some patients had more than one shoulder condition.) The last group included painful stiff shoulders (three), glenohumeral subluxation (two), and acute shoulder-hand syndrome (one). Patients with rotator cuff rupture had bilateral disease. Only three patients had sought medical attention for their symptoms. The common occurrence of these conditions has possible implications for rehabilitation, and medical awareness is required as few may volunteer symptoms. A community based study is needed to assess the prevalence in the elderly population.
 ...
PMID:Shoulder disorders in the elderly (a hospital study). 367 10

Competitive swimming is one of the most demanding and time-consuming sports. Swimmers at elite level practice 20-30 h per week. During 1 year's practice, the average top level swimmer performs more than 500,000 stroke revolutions per arm. These innumerable repetitions over many years of hard training together with an increasing muscular imbalance around the shoulder girdle seem to be the main etiological factors in the development of the over-use syndrome swimmer's shoulder. Shoulder pain in swimmers has in general been regarded as synonymous with coracoacromial impingement, i.e. anterior shoulder pain due to rotator cuff tendinitis, but new knowledge suggests that a concomitant glenohumeral instability plays an additional role. The diagnostic complexity of the problem is as challenging as the search for the gold standard of treatment. The condition should ideally be diagnosed as early as possible, and intensive functional rehabilitation of the shoulder girdle including the scapular muscles should be started in order to restore muscle balance. The surgical possibilities include subacromial decompression in cases of purely mechanical impingement. If a painful glenohumeral instability persists after intensive functional rehabilitation, anterior capsulolabral reconstruction can be performed. Still, however, short- and long-term results show that surgery is less successful in elite athletes involved in overhead sports. Prevention protocols include education of coaches in primary injury prophylaxis and the institution of resistance strength training in prepubescent swimmers. Emphasis should be made to improve muscular balance around the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints.
 ...
PMID:Nontraumatic glenohumeral instability and coracoacromial impingement in swimmers. 882 42

Shoulder problems are frequently noted in hemiplegic shoulders and compromise rehabilitation. Many tools were used to evaluate the etiology of shoulder problems but most of them are either nonspecific to the evaluation of soft tissue or not convenient. In order to evaluate soft tissue and joint change in hemiplegic shoulders, 82 patients with hemiplegic shoulders caused by cerebral vascular accident (CVA) were collected and evaluated by ultrasonography with 5-12 MHz high-resolution electronic linear scanner (ATL ultrasound HDI 1500, USA). The non-hemiplegic shoulders were also studied as control group. The results showed that ultrasonographic changes were noted in 51 (62.2%) hemiplegic shoulders while changes only occurred in 17 (20.7%) non-hemiplegic shoulders. Effusion and tendinitis were the major changes showing statistical difference compared with non-hemiplegic shoulders, but there was no significant difference in the incidence of supraspinatus tendon tear between hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic shoulders. Further, the interval from the onset of CVA was not significantly correlated with the presence of positive ultrasonographic findings in hemiplegic shoulders. The results demonstrated that ultrasonography is a potential method in the evaluation of hemiplegic shoulder.
 ...
PMID:Ultrasonographic findings in hemiplegic shoulders of stroke patients. 1205 71

House painters represent a group of construction workers with a high frequency of neck and shoulder complaints and concomitant high risks for early retirements. Shoulder tendinitis, especially supraspinatus tendinitis, occurs frequently among house painters. The tasks of sanding and painting of ceilings with extension handles are particularly strenuous for these body regions. The purpose of this study was to identify work techniques that would be less strenuous to the arms and shoulders during sanding work. A biomechanical model was applied to quantify the shoulder loads during sanding and to determine the likely muscle force distribution. The necessary input data were measured experimentally for the model by means of a load cell and strain gauges on an extension handle, a Kistler force plate, and a MacReflex motion analysis system. Forty experienced male painters participated in the study. Three different work techniques were identified: the normal technique, the reversed grip and the pushing technique. The pushing technique was characterized by shorter stroke length and lower speed of the grinding block than the other techniques. The painters among the group of subjects who used the pushing technique were found to report fewer shoulder disorders during sanding than the others. The most common shoulder tendinitis is the supraspinatus tendinitis, also among house painters, and using the Pushing technique could possibly prevent from this disorder. However, further research in larger groups of house painters is needed to be able to recommend this technique for a wider use.
 ...
PMID:Significance of house painters' work techniques on shoulder muscle strain during overhead work. 1206 69

Clinical and radiologic asymmetric arthritic differences between paralyzed and nonparalyzed limbs of stroke patients have been reported. Arthritic pathology aggravates motor dysfunction and compromises rehabilitation. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography plays an important role in showing soft tissue and the articular cartilage of the knee. Fifty-nine patients with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke-induced right or left hemiplegia were recruited to evaluate soft-tissue and intra-articular cartilage changes in hemiplegic knees of stroke patients using ultrasonography. An additional 15 subjects (30 knees) without knee disease or a history of knee trauma or surgery were used as controls. There were significant differences in suprapatellar effusion and patellar tendinitis between hemiplegic and nonhemiplegic knees. Suprapatellar effusion and pes anserinus tendinitis were correlated with Brunnstrom stage. The length of time since stroke onset was not significantly correlated with positive ultrasonographic findings in hemiplegic knees. In conclusion, ultrasonography is useful for detecting periarticular soft-tissue changes and intra-articular lesions in hemiplegic knees of stroke patients.
 ...
PMID:Ultrasonographic findings in hemiplegic knees of stroke patients. 1582 92

Cavovarus foot deformity, which often results from an imbalance of muscle forces, is commonly caused by hereditary motor sensory neuropathies. Other causes are cerebral palsy, cerebral injury (stroke), anterior horn cell disease (spinal root injury), talar neck injury, and residual clubfoot. In cavovarus foot deformity, the relatively strong peroneus longus and tibialis posterior muscles cause a hindfoot varus and forefoot valgus (pronated) position. Hindfoot varus causes overload of the lateral border of the foot, resulting in ankle instability, peroneal tendinitis, and stress fracture. Degenerative arthritic changes can develop in overloaded joints. Gait examination allows appropriate planning of tendon transfers to correct stance and swing-phase deficits. Inspection of the forefoot and hindfoot positions determines the need for soft-tissue release and osteotomy. The Coleman block test is invaluable for assessing the cause of hindfoot varus. Prolonged use of orthoses or supportive footwear can result in muscle imbalance, causing increasing deformity and irreversible damage to tendons and joints. Rebalancing tendons is an early priority to prevent unsalvageable deterioration of the foot. Muscle imbalance can be corrected by tendon transfer, corrective osteotomy, and fusion. Fixed bony deformity can be addressed by fusion and osteotomy.
 ...
PMID:Adult cavovarus foot. 1614 56


1 2 Next >>