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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vasculitis should be suspected as a cause of stroke in younger patients or older patients with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, especially in the presence of systemic disease and mononeuritis multiplex. Corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide show promise of producing remission.
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PMID:Stroke due to vasculitis. 4 88

The examination which precedes any operation for revascularisation of the myocardium, coronaro-ventriculography, which has become a routine examination in specialised centres, should gain even further in reliability by anatomical examination of the vessels which it is used to study in vitro. A perfect knowledge of the distribution of the vessels (the numerous and sometimes unrecognised variations are a source of diagnostic error) and of the characteristics of the lesions (atheromatous in most cases) is essential for the accurate interpretation of a coronary arteriogram. Difficulties in analysis of the latter are numerous and the physician interpreting the examination should be fully aware of them before any decision regarding surgery is taken. Ventriculography routinely analyses, zone by zone, the contours of the left ventricle. In certain cases this segment study is associated with overall analysis of ventricular volumes and stroke fraction.
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PMID:[Principles of analysis and the value of coronaro-ventriculography in coronary surgery]. 4 35

Heat stroke is uncommon in temperate climates but may be favourised by drug treatment. A report of two cases of fatal hyperthermia occuring in patients treated with neuroleptic drugs and during a heat wave is followed by a discussion of the characteristics which may be used to differentiate heat stroke from the hyperthermia of malignant twenty cases. It indicated that high degree of severity of this type of heat stroke, in great part related to the high prevalence of massive inhalation. The action of neuroleptics is very probably central by an effect upon the thermostat and also by changes in behaviour. The role of associated anti-parkinsonian agents is discussed. A review of treatment emphasises its difficulties.
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PMID:[Heatstroke among psychiatric patients under neuroleptic therapy. Apropos of 2 fatal cases]. 4 88

The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible hemodynamic effects of somatostatin in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. For this purpose, 7 insulin-requiring juvenile-onset diabetics were submitted to a short-term infusion of cyclic somatostatin (250 micrograms/h, over 2 h) or saline in randomized order. Somatostatin infusion resulted in a progressive and significant decrease in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac index and velocity circumferential fiber; on the other hand, left ventricular ejection time was augmented by somatostatin. None of these effects was seen in the saline control study. We conclude that somatostatin exerts a negative inotropic effect in insulin-dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of somatostatin in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. 4 64

After reviewing data from the literature concerning the effects of normovolaemic haemodilution on cardiac output and regional flow rates, the authors illustrate these concepts by a personal study involving the haemodynamics of 10 subjects undergoing operation in normovolaemic haemodilution. Removal of blood was compensated simultaneously by modified liquid gelatin in electrolytic solution (Plasmion) until the haematocrit was 0.30. Measurements were performed before haemodilution in patients in a steady state (anaesthetised, intubated, normoventilated), at the end of haemodilution, at the end of the operation, then 4 hours after recovery. There was no variation in blood pressure and heart rate, showing that normovolaemia was maintained. At the end of haemodilution, cardiac index increased from 3.10 to 3.84 l.min-1.m-2 (0.0517 to 0.0638 l.s-1 . m-2) (p < 0.005); stroke volume increased from 70 to 83 ml (p < 0.005); systemic resistance fell from 1585 to 1262 dynes. s.cm-5 (158.5 to 130.4 kPa.s.l-1) (p < 0.005); arterial oxygen content decreased from 191.1 to 152.1 ml.100 ml-1 (8.535 to 6.793 mmol.l-1) (p < 0.005), whilst oxygen transport was unchanged. These various haemodynamic measurements showed no significant changes at the subsequent times when they were measured, values remaining close to those obtained at the end of haemodilution. The results confirm the fact that norvolaemic haemodilution is accompanied by a fall in systemic vascular resistance with an increase in cardiac output. Regional circulations are thus improved. Since oxygen transport is unaffected, the oxygenation of peripheral tissues is ensured normally.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic effects of normovolemic hemodilution]. 4 87

The swimming behavior of many ciliate protozoans depends on graded changes in the direction of the ciliary effective stroke in response to depolarizing stimuli (i.e., the avoiding reaction of Paramecium). We investigated the problem of whether the directional response of cilia with a variable plane of beat is related to the polarity of the cell as a whole or to the orientation of the cortical structures themselves. To do this, we used a stock of Paramecium aurelia with part of the cortex reversed 180 degrees. We determined the relation of the orientation of the kineties (ciliary rows) to the direction of beat in these mosaic paramecia by cinemicrography of particle movements near living cells and by scanning electron microscopy of instantaneously fixed material. We found that the cilia of the inverted rows always beat in the direction opposite to that of normally oriented cilia during both forward and backward swimming. In addition, metachronal waves of ciliary coordination were present on the inverted patch, travelling in the direction opposite to those on the normal cortex. The reference point for the directional response of Paramecium cilia to stimuli thus resides within the cilia or their immediate cortical surroundings.
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PMID:The role of cortical orientation in the control of the direction of ciliary beat in Paramecium. 4 47

Histological examinations of the intracerebral and retinal arteries were preformed in patients who had cerebrovascular disease and in those cases who did nott. Fibrinoid degeneration, fibrous nodule, and splitting, which are most frequently found in putamen, thalamus and pons, are thought to be the main changes in cerebral hemorrhage and infarction. Fibrous and fibro-hyalinoid thickenings of the retinal arteries were found mainly in the neighboring region of the optic disk, which reflects the changes of the intracerebral arteries. Hyalinoid thickening was found in the ora serrata, which does not reflect the changes of the intracerebral arteries. Our results suggest that patients with these retinal artery changes in the region near the optic disk if moderate to severe have an increased risk of having or incurring cerebral hemorrhage and infarction, but the arterial changes in the ora serrata do not always indicate risk of cerebral hemorrhage and infarction.
Stroke
PMID:Pathological studies on the intracerebral and retinal arteries in cerebrovascular and noncerebrovascular diseases. 5 Jun 53

In the m. tibialis anterior of a 68-year-old man with rapidly developing denervation atrophy in the legs since 1/2 year prior to death from heart stroke, abundant unifocal concentric fiber changes, such as target, targetoid/core, and targetoid fibers could be observed. Besides, large vacuolized fibers with multiple changes resembling cytoplasmic bodies in the peripheral zone were present as well; they are interpreted as fibers with multicentric target or targetoid formations. The target fibers displayed a broad variation of their outer appearance suggesting a continuous transition to targetoid/core fibers (with a dense center) and targetoid fibers (with a central change to aquous sarcoplasm showing a paucity of fibrillar structures). Very few fibers with a central densification of fibrillar material with or without a thin intermediate zone were fairly akin to core fibers of central core disease; others were more alike the type of targetoid fibers, previously described in the literature, showing a dense target-like center; both were summarized under the term, inaugurated by Engel et al. (1966), "targetoid/core fibers". Simultaneous occurrence of the different kinds of concentric fiber changes suggested a strong relation between all of them in the sense of representing different developmental stages of the same pathogenetic process. Thus, the central core disease, for instance, might be a disorder with a generalization of concentric fiber changes having come to arrest in the earliest stage of development.
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PMID:The relationship between target, targetoid, and targetoid/core fibers in severe neurogenic muscular atrophy. 5 Oct 74

The effect of amantadine-hydrochloride on heart and circulation is studied in 7 anesthetized, otherwise normal dogs with a mean body weight of 27.2 kg and in 8 heart-lung preparations of dogs. Arterial blood pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac output and heart rate are measured and continuously monitored. Stroke volume and peripheral resistance are calculated. Left ventricular peak- and enddiastolic pressure, the rate of rise of intraventricular pressure and t-dp/dt are additionally measured in the heart-lung-preparations. Below 3 mg with kg(-1) in anesthetized dogs and 10 mg in the heart-lung preparation, respectively, a positive inotropic effect of amantadine is observed. This effect is caused by a liberation of catecholamines. Higher dosage of amantadine decreases cardiac contractility significantly. Therefore the negative inotropic influence of the drug itself has to be distinguished from the indirect sympathomimetic effect resulting from local release of myocardial catecholamines. Cardiac arrhythmias which occur in several experiments, can mostly be eliminated with propranolol or other drugs like lidocaine or sparteinsulphate.
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PMID:[Effects of amantadine on heart and circulation]. 5 42

The ABO blood-group distributions of 1460 patients who had died from a stroke were compared with those of a control group of 20 705 controls selected at random from the healthy population at risk (i.e., over thirty-five years of age and matched for age and sex ratio). The cause of death was certified as cerebral thrombosis in 329 cases and as cerebral haemorrhage in 482 cases, these diagnoses being established in neurological hospitals; the remaining 649 cases had an unspecified type of stroke, the diagnosis being made by general practitioners. In the group with unspecified type of stroke the blood-group distribution was practically the same as the distribution in the controls. In the thrombosis cases there was an excess of blood-groups A and AB and a deficiency of O and B; in cerebral haemorrhage this situation was reversed. However, these were only trends; the differences were not significant at the 5% level. A statistically significant difference did emerge when the A+AB excess in thrombosis was contrasted with the O+B excess in haemorrhage, suggesting that this difference might be accounted for the major A subgroup (A1) and, consequently, A1B.
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PMID:Cerebral thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage, and ABO blood-groups. 5 89


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