Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reports of studies relating physical activity to stroke and cancer sub-types indicate inconsistent findings. Some are hampered by low statistical power, owing to a low number of events, and a failure to adjust for potential confounding variables. The purpose of this study was to relate physical activity to 12 mortality endpoints in a prospective cohort study of 11,663 men aged 40-64 years who responded to an enquiry about travel activity during a baseline medical examination conducted between 1967 and 1969. During 25 years of follow-up there were 4672 deaths. Travel activity was inversely related to mortality attributable to all-causes, coronary heart disease, respiratory disease and lung cancer, whereas the association with stroke was positive. There was evidence for attenuation of some of these associations on adjustment for potentially confounding variables. Our simplistic measure of physical activity may, in part, explain the weak associations seen.
 ...
PMID:Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in men: further evidence from the Whitehall study. 1208 Nov 6

To examine the relation of adult height with mortality, the authors conducted a cohort study of 386,627 middle-aged South Korean male civil servants from 1992 to 1998. An inverse association between height and all-cause mortality (14,003 deaths) was observed after adjustment for socioeconomic position and major behavioral risk factors. The adjusted relative risk for all-cause mortality associated with a 5-cm increment in height was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.95, 0.98). There was little evidence of associations for coronary heart disease or overall cancer mortality. However, stomach cancer showed a weak inverse association that was attenuated after adjustment. Strong inverse associations with death from stroke, respiratory disease, and external causes were observed. The association with stroke mortality was specific for hemorrhagic stroke. The inverse associations observed between height and mortality suggest a possible effect of childhood environment on health. Variations in the associations by cause of death indicate that specific processes are involved. These data are consistent with those of other studies in suggesting that risk of hemorrhagic stroke is particularly influenced by adversity in early life. The lack of an association between height and coronary heart disease suggests that additional factors are required for short stature to translate into increased coronary heart disease risk.
 ...
PMID:Adult height and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective study of South Korean men. 1293 3

Obstructive sleep apnea is common and considered to be a risk factor for hypertension, stroke and coronary disease. Accordingly, the presence of sleep apnea is probably a predictor of premature death. Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. It has been demonstrated that such treatment improves daytime sleepiness and quality-of-life. To determine mortality in obstructive sleep apnea patients treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, we followed 296 patients given continuous positive airway pressure for 11 years 6 months. At the end of the study 26 of the 296 patients had died, mainly from cardiovascular disease. Mortality was 7% (95% confidence interval: 3%-9%) at 5 years. Three independent factors of death identified by forward stepwise selection were included in a Cox analysis. These factors were 1) smoking as a categorical covariate (>30 pack-years), 2) age and 3) forced expiratory volume in 1 s. When the 52 patients with an associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/vital capacity<0.65) with obstructive sleep apnea were excluded form analysis, mortality of the 244 remailing patients was 2% at 5 years, a rate observed in the general population. Subsequently, it appears that nasal continuous positive airway pressure corrects for the risk of premature death suspected in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Mortality in obstructive sleep apnea patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure is near to that of the general population, particularly when patients with an associated chronic respiratory disease are excluded.
 ...
PMID:[Mortality in treated sleep apnea syndrome]. 1464 8

How do the concentrations of indoor air pollutants known to increase risk of respiratory disease, cancer, heart disease, and stroke change after a smoke-free workplace law? Real-time measurements were made of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in a casino, six bars, and a pool hall before and after a smoking ban. Secondhand smoke contributed 90% to 95% of the RSP air pollution during smoking, and 85% to 95% of the carcinogenic PPAH, greatly exceeding levels of these contaminants encountered on major truck highways and polluted city streets. This air-quality survey demonstrates conclusively that the health of hospitality workers and patrons is endangered by tobacco smoke pollution. Smoke-free workplace laws eliminate that hazard and provide health protection impossible to achieve through ventilation or air cleaning.
 ...
PMID:Respirable particles and carcinogens in the air of delaware hospitality venues before and after a smoking ban. 1535 53

Venous thromboembolism, which is manifested as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), represents a significant cause of death, disability, and discomfort. Two million people/year are affected by VTE, making it the third most common cardiovascular disease after coronary heart disease and stroke. The rationale for VTE prophylaxis stems from the clinically silent presentation of the disease and its prevalence among hospitalized patients. At greatest risk are patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery and those admitted to the intensive care unit with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, respiratory disease, systemic infection, or other medical conditions that immobilize patients for 5 days or longer. Several anticoagulant regimens have been effective in reducing the risk of VTE after major orthopedic surgery. For patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement, treatment with adjusted-dose warfarin, low-molecular-weight heparins, or fondaparinux may be used. Warfarin, which has been around for more than 50 years, is the only oral anticoagulant available for VTE prophylaxis. Ximelagatran, a new low-molecular-weight oral prodrug of the direct thrombin inhibitor melagatran, has advantages over warfarin that may make it the drug of choice for prevention of VTE.
 ...
PMID:The role of oral direct thrombin inhibitors in the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. 1562 37

Mortality and morbidity appear to be higher in a Cimbrian population representing an enclave of people who migrated from medieval Germany to the secluded Leogra valley in Italy. A population-based study was organized, recruiting 881 elderly subjects of Cimbrian origin and comparing them with a standard control population (SCP, n = 3,282) having comparable general characteristics and lifestyle. Serum lipids and glucose, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory function, ECG abnormalities, and historical events were used as risk indicators. Age-adjusted systolic and pulse pressure were higher in the Cimbrians than in the SCP, while diastolic blood pressure was comparable. The prevalences of arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, and pulse hypertension were significantly more represented among Cimbrians than SCP. The prevalences of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were higher among the former than the latter. The ratio between apolipoproteins B and A1 was also higher, while the HDL fraction was significantly lower in Cimbrians than in the SCP. In Cimbrians, the relative risk (RR) for ischemic heart disease was 1.92 (1.57-2.34) in women, 2.30 (1.54-3.43) in men and 1.03 (1.00-1.06) in women for stroke, 2.43 (1.54-3.83) in men and 1.45 (1.01-1.12) in women for atrial fibrillation, 3.85 (2.83-5.24) in men and 1.39 (1.20-1.60) in women for respiratory disease, 1.97 (1.32-2.94) in men and 6.81 (4.38-10.60) in women for intermittent claudication, and 3.31 (2.44-4.50) in men and 2.30 (1.76-3.01) in women for left ventricular hypertrophy. The subjects living in the secluded Leogra valley are at higher cardiovascular risk than the standard controls. Whether this depends on genetic factors, lifestyle, or both will need to be clarified by further analysis.
 ...
PMID:German origin clusters for high cardiovascular risk in an Italian enclave. 1604 44

More of the half of the stroke patients have sleep-disordered breathing. Among them, snoring and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have been the most studied. From different epidemiologic studies focused in finding a casual relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and stroke result evidences that at least establish that snoring and principally OSAS are a cause and consequence of stroke. The possibility to modify the respiratory disorder with treatment emphasizes the importance of this association.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of breathing disorders during sleep in patients with cerebrovascular disease]. 1629 68

In old subjects exposed to extreme high temperature during a heat wave, studies have consistently reported an excess of death from cardio- or cerebro-vascular disease. By contrast, dehydration, heat stroke, acute renal insufficiency, and respiratory disease were the main causes of hospital admission in the two studies carried out in elderly during short spells of hot weather. The excess of circulatory disease reported by mortality studies, but not by morbidity studies, could be explained by the hypothesis that deaths from circulatory disease occur rapidly in isolated people before they reach a hospital. Since the contrasting patterns of hospital admission and mortality during heat waves could also be due to chance (random variation over time and space in the spectrum of diseases induced by extreme heat), and bias (poor quality of diagnosis on death certificate and other artifacts), it should be confirmed by a concurrent study of mortality and morbidity. Many heat-related diseases may be preventable with adequate warning and an appropriate response to heat emergencies, but preventive efforts are complicated by the short time interval that may elapse between high temperatures and death. Therefore, prevention programs must be based around rapid identification of high-risk conditions and persons. The effectiveness of the intervention measures must be formally evaluated. If cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases are rapidly fatal health outcomes with a short time interval between exposure to high temperature and death, deaths from circulatory disease might be an useful indicator in evaluating the effectiveness of a heat watch/warning system.
 ...
PMID:Contrasting patterns of hospital admissions and mortality during heat waves: are deaths from circulatory disease a real excess or an artifact? 1641 37

This paper aims to explain the results of an observational population study that was carried out between 1991 and 1995 in six regions (departments) in France. The study was to assess the relationship between temperature and mortality in a few areas of France that offer widely varying climatic conditions and lifestyles, to determine their thermal optimum, defined as a 3 degrees C temperature band with the lowest mortality rate in each area, and then to compare the mortality rates from this baseline band with temperatures above and below the baseline. The study period was selected because it did not include extreme cold or hot events such as a heatwave. Data on daily deaths from each department were first used to examine the entire population and then to examine men, women, various age groups and various causes of death (respiratory disease, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, other disease of the circulatory system, and all other causes excluding violent deaths). Mean temperatures were provided by the National Weather Service. The results depicted an asymmetrical V- or U-shaped relationship between mortality and temperature, with a thermal optimum lower for the elderly, and generally lower for women than for men except in Paris. The relationship was also different depending on the cause of death. In all cases, more evidence was collected showing that cold weather was more deadly than hot weather, and it would now be interesting to enlarge the study to include years with cold spells and heatwaves. Furthermore, the results obtained could be of great use in estimating weather-related mortality as a consequence of future climate-change scenarios.
 ...
PMID:Temperature-related mortality in France, a comparison between regions with different climates from the perspective of global warming. 1684 88

In the Glasgow University Alumni cohort, students with no siblings experienced higher respiratory disease mortality. This risk diminished after accounting for potential confounders. We did not find strong evidence of an association with all cause, coronary heart disease, stroke or stomach cancer mortality. Number of siblings is a proxy for other exposures and exploring its association with specific disease outcomes can help disentangle some of the pathways relating early life exposures to adult mortality.
 ...
PMID:Association between number of siblings and cause-specific mortality in the Glasgow alumni cohort study. 1803 May 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>