Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the causes of death in institutionalized epileptics, the patient records, death certificates, and other data from the only hospital for epileptics in Finland (Vaajasalo Hospital) were reexamined. During the years 1900--1976, 179 inpatients in Vaajasalo Hospital died; this was 12% of all inpatients. The most common causes of death were as follows: pneumonia in 40 cases, seizures in 34 cases (single seizure in 18 and status epileptics in 16), drowning in 29 cases, stroke in 10 cases, and heart infarct in 9 cases. Chronic intoxication caused by phenytoin and/or phenobarbitol was a common supplementary factor leading to death in patients who died of pneumonia or seizures. Thirteen deaths were recorded as suicides or suspected suicides (11 by drowning and 2 by strangulation). The results reflect the severe epilepsy and the poor conditions of the patients, as well as the poor condition of the local facilities in the past. The information obtained should be useful in the effort to improve medical care for these patients.
 ...
PMID:Causes of death in institutionalized epileptics. 47 38

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
 ...
PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

Two hundred eighty patients were admitted to an intensive care stroke unit over a one-year period. Subsequent investigation indicated that only 199 of these patients actually had cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions, 10 had other cerebrovascular lesions, and the remaining 71 patients had unrelated diseases, predominantly seizures. Detailed analysis of 103 stroke patients revealed an overall incidence of 59% hypertension, and 72% had hypertensive, ischemic or valvular heart disease. Fifty percent of the patients had various cardiac arrhythmias, some of which were responsible for the acute cerebrovascular lesion. Fourteen patients died during the acute phase, 11 from apparently irreversible cerebral selling, mainly due to cerebral hemorrhage. Secondary complications such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pressure sores and urinary infection were almost nonexistent, but beneficial effects on the primary cerebral lesions were more difficult to demonstrate.
Stroke
PMID:Intensive care management of stroke patients. 100 32

1. Oral administration of DL-alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate (EN) (0-04 or 0-2 mmol day-1 kg-1) or DL-alpha-tocopharyl acetate (EA) (0-2 mmol day-1 kh-1) delayed the progress of hypertension in unilaterally nephrectomized rats, which were treated with deoxycorticosterone and salt, and in genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) which were given sodium chloride solution. Suppression of body weight gain, incidence of pneumonia and mortality were reduced by treatment with EN or EA. 2. Severe hypertension in old SHR (9 months) further progressed, when drinking water was replaced by sodium chloride solution, and four out of ten of these animals died of cerebral haemorrhage during 4 weeks. The administration of EN or EA prevented the increase in blood pressure and incidence of stroke.
 ...
PMID:Anti-hypertensive action of DL-alpha-tocopharyl esters in rats. 107 97

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are common arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting. Although the consequences of the arrhythmia are generally not life-threatening, it constitutes a major clinical problem often requiring conversion to sinus rhythm. Atrial fibrillation or flutter can result in hypotension, heart failure, pneumonia, and stroke. This article reviews the literature on epidemiology, electrophysiology, risk factors, and preventive trials. The major conclusions are: (1) In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation or flutter is 20-30%, the peak incidence being on the second or third postoperative day. (2) The strongest independent preoperative predictor for atrial fibrillation or flutter is the patients' age. (3) Intra-atrial conduction delay recorded pre and peroperatively may predict development of atrial fibrillation. (4) Peroperative inducibility of atrial fibrillation by pacing the right atrium may identify patients at risk for postoperative atrial fibrillation. (5) Development of postoperative atrial fibrillation or flutter has not been associated with peroperative or postoperative events. (6) The specificity and sensitivity of age and other possible relevant factors for prediction of atrial fibrillation or flutter after coronary artery bypass grafting is low. (7) No effective prophylactic regimen has yet been established.
 ...
PMID:Atrial fibrillation and flutter after coronary artery bypass surgery: epidemiology, risk factors and preventive trials. 135 29

During the 5 year period to May 1988, 137 consecutive patients (age range, 65-102 years; median 84 years) with a diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, were referred to The Middlesex Hospital Geriatric Department. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was successful in 96.2% of cases and immediate biliary drainage was achieved in all but one of these patients. Stones were cleared endoscopically in 73.3% and surgically in 4.7% of cases. Long-term stenting was employed in 14.3% of patients. The 30 day mortality after endoscopic or surgical treatment was 4.7% (six deaths), although death was probably unrelated to therapy in half the cases. Deaths were due to procedural cardiorespiratory arrest (1), pancreatitis (1), pneumonia (2) and cerebrovascular accident (2). Endoscopic treatment is effective even in a high-risk geriatric population. After sphincterotomy patients with intact gall bladders should be managed expectantly.
 ...
PMID:Endoscopic therapy for bile duct stones in a geriatric population. 143 28

Detailed invasive haemodynamic studies were performed in 27 of 32 patients with severe tetanus. Nineteen had severe uncomplicated tetanus and eight had associated major complications, chiefly infection and pulmonary complications. The results were compared with those obtained from 15 healthy male volunteers who served as controls. There were two deaths in 32 patients (mortality 6.25 per cent). Severe tetanus without major complications was characterized by a high output hyperkinetic circulatory state with tachycardia (heart rate 131 (19.2) beats/minute), increased stroke volume index (43.1 (10.7) ml/m2), increased cardiac index (5.48 (0.94) l/min/m2) and a normal left ventricular stroke work index (60.5 (15.9) g/m/m2). Volume loading demonstrated a significant haemodynamic response and increased vascular capacitance. Even so the maximum percent rise from baseline values of these indices after volume load was significantly higher in controls (p < 0.001). Autonomic cardiovascular disturbances affected both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Hypertension and tachycardia alternating with hypotension and bradycardia were related to sudden fluctuations in systemic vascular resistance. Our studies suggested some degree of myocardial dysfunction in patients with severe uncomplicated tetanus. The haemodynamics of severe tetanus were masked and altered by complicating infection, pneumonia, and atelectasis.
 ...
PMID:Haemodynamic studies during the management of severe tetanus. 144 46

We report on the successful repeated treatment of a patient with rapidly progressive severe brain-stem stroke by application of I.V. tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This treatment twice led to a prompt remission of severe brain-stem symptoms, although a permanent therapeutic success could not be achieved. Unfortunately, the patient died a few days later from pneumonia and sepsis. Necropsy revealed bilateral partial brain-stem infarctions and a subtotal stenosis of the vertebrobasilar junction with superimposed fresh thrombus. The clinically dramatic response to tPA indicates that this type of treatment is potentially successful in high-grade subtotal basal cerebral artery stenosis with progressive stroke symptoms. In particular, application of tPA should be considered if stroke progression cannot stopped by therapeutic heprinization. A prospective randomized oligocentric study is advocated.
 ...
PMID:[Repeated treatment of subtotal vertebrobasilar stenosis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)]. 149 91

Four hundred consecutive hip fractures were studied prospectively. Two hundred forty-seven patients were classified as unhealthy (poor cardiac status, pneumonia, cancer history, bowel obstruction history, malnutrition, dehydration, stroke history, renal failure history, cirrhosis). Twenty-two percent of this unhealthy group died, while only 6% of the remaining healthy group died. Death rates varied with admission activity level and mental status but not when patient health status was factored out. After factoring out health status, age was associated with higher death rates only in patients older than age 85. Confusion, a change of mental status in the hospital, occurred in 25% of patients. Confusion was associated with a medical complication in 94% of cases, was the presenting symptom of a medical complication in 79% of cases, and was associated with a 39% death rate. Major medical complications occurred in 9% of the healthy group (29% of them died) and 21% of the unhealthy group (64% of them died). Major medical complications in unhealthy, shut-in patients were associated with an 80% death rate. Vigorous urinary tract monitoring and early treatment of bacteriuria decreased death rate. Postfracture malnutrition was associated with higher complication rates. Hip surgery performed within 72 hours on patients with acute medical illnesses in addition to their fracture was associated with a higher death rate. Whether a patient walked postfracture seemed not to be correlated with the death rate. Patients who were not walking prefracture but treated by internal fixation had a 34% failure rate.
 ...
PMID:Hip fracture mortality. A prospective, multifactorial study to predict and minimize death risk. 161 47

Clinical and autopsy records of 100 elderly patients were analyzed. The most common cause of death in this series was malignant tumors (39%). The second leading cause of death was diseases of the circulatory system (37%), in which cerebrovascular accident alone accounted for 21%. Cor pulmonale and myocardial infarction were also common causes of death. In addition, infective diseases, especially pneumonia and septicemia were often fatal to elderly patients. The discrepancy between clinical and post-mortem diagnoses in this series was 24.7%. The causes of incorrect and missed diagnoses are discussed. The results suggest that extensive autoptic study still has vital practical significance.
 ...
PMID:[Autopsy study of 100 elderly patients]. 161 44


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>