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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prevalence epidemiologic study conducted in a characteristic submontane area in North Bohemia, the genealogic incidence of myocardial infarction, sudden brain vascular episodes, and malignant tumors was studied in a representative sample of persons aged 70 to 105 years. The incidence was then compared with that in two other samples: 1) men under age 40 with a history of transmural myocardial infarction, and 2) both men and women aged 40--60 who had a stroke. The statistical evaluation was performed according to accepted international criteria (WHO). A significantly lower genealogic incidence of myocardial infarction and sudden brain vascular episodes was found in the geriatric subjects (70--105 years old) who had symptoms of so-called physiologic aging, as compared with the incidence in the younger subjects who had symptoms of so-called pathologic aging. The difference was less clear-cut with respect to the genealogic incidence of malignant tumors.
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PMID:Relative genealogic incidence of certain "civilization diseases" in a geriatric population versus pregeriatric groups. 71 22

Risk factors were compared in 300 patients with brain stroke and 120 patients with neurosis or sciatic pains. It was found that arterial hypertension (p = 0.001) and diabetes (p = 0.01) were significantly more frequent in cases of brain stroke. Disturbances of lipid metabolism, tobacco smoking and obesity showed no significant difference. Extracerebral atherosclerosis (p = 0.001) increased the risk of stroke. Coronary arterial disease was most frequent (48.8%), myocardial infarction (8.3%) and calcifications in the aorta (32%) were second and third in frequency. Presence of at least two risk factors may be an indication to prophylactic treatment.
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PMID:[Risk factors in stroke]. 72 25

Clinical, angiological, and biochemical examinations were performed in 981 men and 30 women with organic afflictions of peripheral arteries, and in 411 men and 50 women without any signs of peripheral arterial lesions. Their family histories were thoroughly recorded with particular reference to the occurrence of myocardial infarction, cerebral accidents before and after the age of 60 years, and death of these causes; further, of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obliterations and gangraenes, in each patient's siblings, parents, and all four grandparents. Furthermore, the significance of positive family history in combination with other risk factors was investigated. Family history can be considered positive with respect to obliterative atherosclerosis when in anyone of the patient's grandparents, parents, or siblings an obliteration of peripheral arteries is present or when anyone of them died of myocardial infarction or apoplexy, especially when aged under 60 years. Presence of several factors in the specified next of kin accelerates the obliterative process in the patient. A positive family history, however, plays no decisive role either alone or in combination with any other single risk factor, but only in combination with two or more other factors, one of which is always tobacco smoking; it is not significant in any combination with obesity.
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PMID:Positive family history as a risk factor of obliterative atherosclerosis. 72 85

A program of physical conditioning for the rehabilitation of the patients affected by myocardial infarction is founded on a preliminary ergometric evaluation and on following examinations of the effects of the prescribed treatment. Submaximal ergometric stress tests utilizing non invasive methods which contain sufficient information about the cardiocirculatory response to the physical effort are required. Sixteen patients underwent hemodynamic evaluation, during ergometric stress test, two months after myocardial infarction. A statistical analysis of the results shows a significant correlation between stroke volume and oxygen pulse. The oxygen pulse, under an increasing effort, describes a curve; the end of its ascending limb may be regarded as the point of the maximal stroke volume. The workload where the curve of oxygen pulse changes the slope can be used as the caloric expense which should be safely attained during the physical conditioning.
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PMID:[The oxygen pulse for evaluation of the response to exercise in rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarct]. 73 59

Correlation of left ventricular filling pressure (55 patients) with the left ventricular stroke work index (61 patients) provided a rapid means of objectively determining ventricular performance after myocardial infarction. Pressure was monitored by means of the Swan-Ganz balloon-tipped catheter and thermal indicators were used for measuring cardiac output. A hemodynamic grouping of these myocardial infarction patients on the basis of the stroke work index showed close correlation with morbidity and mortality and provided a more accurate prognostic indicator than did the commonly used clinical predictors. Serial assessment of ventricular function further aided in defining the prognosis when it was not clear on admission. Thus, the levels of normal or abnormal ventricular function and the effect of therapeutic measures can be rapidly evaluated by determining the pressures and flows in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Clinical implications of left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 78 53

The paper is devoted to a comparison of the stroke volume indices in 20 patients surviving myocardial infarction. The stroke volume was determined by the dye dilution technique and by various echocardiographic techniques. A distinct correlation was found between these values. With various echocardiographic techniques the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.69 to 0.81. The most precise method of echocardiographic determination of the stroke volume in myocardial infarction patients is that by Teichholz.
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PMID:Determination of the indicators of stroke volume by the methods of dye dilution and echocardiography in mycardial infarct. 79 82

Although hypertension is an acknowledged risk factor in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) the question remains whether antihypertensive therapy is necessarily beneficial. A priori, because coronary atherosclerosis is probably irreversible, the time for effective intervention would seem to be well before the development of clinical manifestations. The Australian National Blood Pressure Study, a long term clinical trial of the treatment of mild hypertension, is in principle better suited than previous trials to answer the question because the trial population selected (4000 subjects aged 30-69) contains substantial proportions of younger age groups (26% below 45) and of females (37%) and none had manifest IHD at entry. Sensitivity to the emergence of IHD in the trial population is increased by including as diagnostic indices angina and ischaemic ECG changes, using suitably objective methods, as well as myocardial infarction and sudden death. Thus morbidity and mortality from IHD which currently accounts for 71% of trial end points (cf 19% for stroke) will effectively determine the outcome of the trial. The occurrence of a substantial proportion of subjects withdrawn from randomised treatment will mean that the question will be answered necessarily in two ways: firstly in respect of those subjects remaining on their assigned treatments and secondly in terms of all subjects initially assigned one treatment or other irrespective of the subsequent need to change treatment on ethical grounds or of the degree of compliance.
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PMID:The Australian National Blood Pressure Study: a test of the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy on the incidence of ischaemic heart disease. 79 27

Stroke volume was determined from the pulmonary artery pressure record by application of the pulse contour method. Pulmonary artery pressure records were obtained in 17 patients using a high fidelity catheter-tip pressure transducer and simultaneous measurements of cardiac output were obtained from indicator dilution curves. The formula used was SV = KP sa (i plus T s/Td) where Psa is the planimetered area beneath the systolic portion of the pulmonary artery pressure curve. Ts and Td are the durations of systole and diastole, and K is a constant. Stroke volume was altered by isometric handgrip exercise and/or pharmacological agents in 15 patients. Serial measurementswere made in 2 patients in acute pulmonary oedema after myocardial infarction. Comparison of a wide range of values of stroke volume by the pulse contour method with those obtained from dye dilution curves showed a good correlation (r plus 0.97, P smaller than 0.001) regression line y = 1.01 times - 0.47. Measurement of stroke volume from the pulmonary artery pressure contour is a technique of potential value in serial haemodynamic monitoring.
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PMID:Measurement of stroke volume from pulmonary artery pressure record in man. 80 78

The regional contraction patterns of the left ventricle, shortly after myocardial infarction, were assessed from computer-processed scintigraphic images and histograms of the first transit of an intravenously injected radionuclide bolus. Seventy-seven patients with documented myocardial infarction were injected with a compact bolus of 99mTc-pertechnetate which was coordinated with the ECG so that it arrived in the superior vena cava during diastole. Precordial activity during the initial passage was recorded in 50-msec intervals with a multicrystal scintillation camera interfaced to a dedicated minicomputer. Data frames of 4-7 cardiac cycles were summed into one representative cardiac cycle. In 73 of the 77 patients the images of the representative cycle, along with the corresponding time-activity curves, indicated wall-motion and stroke-volume anomalies corresponding with the electrocardiographic location of the infarct. This nontraumatic, essentially noninvasive technique permits serial examinations of the acutely ill patient for the spatial identification and estimation of suspected myocardial infarcts.
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PMID:Nontraumatic assessment of left ventricular wall motion and regional stroke volume after myocardial infarction. 84 61

In the acute phase of myocardial infarction in 22 patients intraventricular pressure measurements (left and right heart catheters) were performed. In addition to this in 17 cases a qualitative and quantitative angiocardiographical judgment of the function of the left ventricle was done. A group of 9 patients with healthy heart served as control group. The group with infarction showed typical findings deviating from the normal. Stroke volume, cardiac output and stroke work of the left ventricle were significantly decreased. The systolic ejection fraction which was highly significantly reduced in contrast to the normal value proved as a particularly sensitive index. The contractility parameters dp/dt max. and VCE(dp/dt max.) were also highly significantly reduced; aortic mean pressure and heart rate did not show any significant changes. A compensation of the decrease of the heart function depending on contractility is achieved in the acute phase of the myocardial infarction by a significant increase of the wall stiffness, in which case apparently the ventricle practically exclusively by this means strives for an optimum filling pressure in order to maintain a sufficiently large stroke volume. The practically unchanged enddiastolic ventricle volume excluded at least for the uncomplicated infarction in the acute stage an essential participation of Frank-Starling's compensation mechanism.
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PMID:[Function of the left ventricle in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. 85 47


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