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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chemical composition of ultracentrifugal fractions of VLDL (d less than 1006), LDL (d 1006-1063) and HDL (d less than 1063) has been studied in males affected by atherosclerosis of different vascular beds. Thirty-seven subjects affected by post-infarction cardiopathy (M.I.) showed significantly higher values of total-C, VLDL-C and LDL-C when compared to 52 controls. Twenty-three patients affected by non-occlusive ischaemic heart disease (I.H.D.) showed higher values than controls of total-C, VLCL-C, LDL-C, total TG, VLDL-TG, and GDL-TG. Twenty-three patients with atherosclerosis of the inferior limbs (P.A.) were characterized by increased levels of total-TG, VLDL-TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C. A group of patients who had suffered a stroke from cerebro-vascular disease (C.V.D.) did not show any significant difference from controls. In the M.I. group, 56% of the patients had a high level of C-VLDL. Patients with I.H.D. were characterized mostly by an increase in C-LDL, Patients with P.A. showed the highest values of total -TG, VLDL-TG and LDL-TG. Some of the observed differences are probably due to different metabolic backgrounds. Some other differences may be due to variations in dietary habits after heart infarction. Patients with levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride beyond the 90th percentile of the normal group showed many abnormalities in the chemical composition of their lipoproteins. It is noteworthy that increased amounts of cholesterol may collect in lipoprotein classes different from LDL while increased amounts of triglyceride may collect in classes different from VLDL.
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PMID:Chemical composition of ultracentrifugal fractions in different patterns of human atheroslcerosis. 18 83

A summary of what is currently known about the negative side effects associated with oral contraceptive usage is presented, and recommendations for prescribing OCs (oral contraceptives) are made. According to the results of several investigations, 2-18% of all women who take OCs develop hypertension. For most of these women the effects are mild; however, for some the increase in blood pressure is marked and results in renal damage. Several studies demonstrate that the risk of peripheral venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is enhanced for women who use OCs compared to nonusers. The risk is somewhat reduced for those who take low estrogen OCs. Women aged 30-39, who take OCs, are 3 times more likely to suffer a myocardial infarction than those who do not use OCs. This risk is markedly increased among OC users who either smoke or suffer from hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia. OC users have a 9.5 times greater risk of thrombolic stroke and a 2.0 times greater risk of hemorrhagic stroke than nonusers. For women over 27 years of age, OC usage is associated with the development of benign hepatic adenoma. This risk increases markedly with duration of pill use and is greater for women who take pills containing mestranol compared to those who take pills containing ethinyl estradiol. Occasionally cases of pulmonary hypertension, peripheral arterial occlusion, mesenteric vascular insufficiency, Budd-Chiari syndrome, and noninflammatory cholestatic liver injury are reported among OC users. Recommendations are: 1) women with thromboembolic disorders and women over 34 years old, who smoke or who are obese or hypertensive should be advised to consider other forms of contraception; 2) prescriptions should be written for a 6 month supply and renewed only after a follow-up visit; 3) women who experience elevated blood pressure readings should be advised to discontinue usage; 4) serum triglyceride and cholesterol should be checked every 6 months; and 5) consider the use of low dose heparin for OC users who are recovering from trauma or surgery or who are confined to bed for long periods of time.
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PMID:A review: adverse effects of oral contraceptives. 22 69

The hemodynamic effects of tazolol, a new long-acting beta-stimulating drug, were studied in dogs with acute pump failure caused by experimental myocardial infarction and the results were compared with the actions of isoproterenol given in small and large doses. Tazolol produced a significant and sustained increase in cardiac output and stroke volume, while causing a decrease in peripheral resistance and mean aortic pressure. Heart rate was only modestly increased. Compared with isoproterenol at equivalent doses. tazolol appeared to cause less S-T segment elevation at the margin of infarction. The increase in double product (systolic pressure X heart rate) produced by tazolol was also considerably less than that of isoproterenol. Tazolol may prove to be a useful addition to the drugs available for the treatment of myocardial failure of various causes. It is now being studied in patients with heart failure due to coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Circulatory effects of tazolol in experimental myocardial infarction. 23 34

The hemodynamic response to slow and rapid defibrination was sutdied in anesthetized beagle dogs, with the following results: 1. Slow defibrination was a benign procedure that had little or no effect on the hemodynamic variables studied. 2. Rapid defibrination induced statistically significant decreases in cardiac output, stroke volume, and mean aortic arterial pressure. 3. Bradycardia, a drop in mean left v"ntricular pressure, cardiac and minute work indices, an increase in pulmonary artery pressure, and a drastic rise in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances were also observed. Although physiologically apparent, these changes were not statistically significantly different from control levels. 4. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, left ventricular end-disatolic pressure, arterial pH, and blood gases were not altered by rapid defibrination. 5. In view of the similarities between the hemodynamic changes observed after rapid defibrination and acute myocardial ischemia, the role of decreasing fibrinogen concentrations and blood viscosity in aucte myocardial infarction and the sudden death syndrome is questioned.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of slow and rapid defibrination with defibrizyme, the thrombin-like enzyme from venom of the timber rattlesnake. 23 15

On the hypothesis that encroachment on left ventricular performance by postinfarction aneurysm (An) is related to its size, a method was investigated for the measurement of aneurysmal dimensions. On radioopaque plastic casts grossly ellipsoidal in shape with addition of masses in different position to simulate aneurysms, satisfactory data for volume calculation were obtained by the association of the ellipsoid formula applied to the contractile portion with the formula of the hemispheroid applied to the aneurysmal section, the difference between real and calculated volumes being not more than +/-5%. In 100 Pts. with previous myocardial infarction, showing at ventriculography akinetic-diskinetic segments of the left ventricular wall, the absolute volume of An and its percentage value of the total left ventricular volume (V An%) were measured. A statistical correlation was studied with other hemodynamic and angiographic parameters of left ventricular function. Cardiac index and angiographic stroke volume decreased with increasing V An%, but with a low correlation, of no statistical significance; only for An with a volume of 60% or more C.I. and SV were constantly reduced. The LVEDP, higher than normal in 80% of the cases, rose with increasing V An%, but with a correlation of low statistical significance. The EDV increased progressively and significatively with increasing V An%, resulting therefore in relation with the extension of noncontracting segment.
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PMID:[Postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm. A method for volume determination and its correlation with hemodynamic and angiographic parameters (author's transl)]. 26 63

Fifty patients underwent an objective measurement of physical working capacity by means of a multistage test of maximally tolerated exertion before and after coronary bypass surgery; 29 patients also had haemodynamic measurements during maximal exercise before and after coronary bypass surgery. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of revascularisation: adequate (n = 20), partial (n = 17), or none (n = 13). Adequate revascularisation induces a large increase in physical working capacity because of an increased maximal heart rate and maximal cardiac output; stroke volume during maximal exercise and ejection fraction at rest were not modified, suggesting no major changes in left ventricular function. After unsuccessful coronary bypass surgery, the physical working capacity was unchanged despite an increased maximal heart rate; maximal cardiac output was unchanged and stroke volume during maximal exercise was significantly lower. These undesirable results are often associated with perioperative myocardial infarction and are attended by a decreased ejection fraction at rest; these data suggest an impaired left ventricular function after unsuccessful coronary bypass surgery. The results of partial revascularisation are intermediate but appear to be determined by the incidence of partial graft failure which is also often associated with perioperative myocardial infarction. From individual changes in data collected during maximal exercise testing, it is often impossible to predict the degree of revascularisation.
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PMID:Haemodynamics during maximal exercise after coronary bypass surgery. 30 63

The significant risk of fatal myocardial infarction after carotid endarterectomy in patients with coronary disease long has been recognized. In 1,546 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed in 1,238 patients over the last 10 years, angina pectoris was present in 17% (212/1,238) of patients; a further 32% (396/1,238) of patients were asymptomatic, but had a history of myocardial infarction. The perioperative mortality (30 day) in the 1,306 consecutive endarterectomies in 1,026 patients without symptomatic coronary artery disease was 1.5% (15/1,026 patients). Of the 212 patients with symptoms, 85 carotid endarterectomies were performed in 77 patients without prior coronary bypass operation with an operative mortality of 18.2% (14/77 patients). The remaining 135 patients had 155 carotid endarterectomies but were treated by either prior coronary artery bypass (84 patients) or simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass (51 patients) with an operative mortality of 3% (4/135 patients). The greatly improved survival in those patients with symptomatic coronary disease who had a coronary artery bypass prior to or at the same time as carotid endarterectomy, and the absence of permanent neurological deficit in the 51 of these 135 patients who had simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass suggests that significantly improved survival can be achieved after carotid endarterectomy in these high risk patients by the use of simultaneous coronary artery bypass surgery.
Stroke
PMID:Improved results of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic coronary disease: an analysis of 1,546 consecutive carotid operations. 31 51

A retrospective analysis of the informativeness of certain methods of examination for ascertaining the possibility of cardiac failure developing in the subacute period of penetrating, predominantly primary transmural myocardial infarction with no clinical signs of cardiac failure in the first three days after the onset of the disease. In 60 patients circulation time in the "arm--ear" area and in 25 of them the stroke and minute volumes by the dye dilution method were studied. The state of the fluid spaces was investigated in 18 patients and daily natriuresis in 23. In 36 patients the condition of the pulmonary circulation was judged by means of roentgenogram. The high value of the information gained from study of circulation time and natriuresis and X-ray examination in the prognostication of the development of cardiac failure is shown.
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PMID:[Retrospective evaluation of various methods of examination for prognosis of cardiac insufficiency in the subacute period of myocardial infarct]. 33 63

Cardiovascular complications of oral contraceptives (OCs) are discussed. OCs are safe for most young women for temporary birth control, however, they should not be used by women over age 35 who want no more children. Problems such as hypertension, increased tendency to clot, a rise in triglycerides, and a decrease in glucose tolerance occur in 5-10% of women of any age who take OCs for 5 years. These factors in turn are responsible for complications such as thromboembolism, heart attack, and stroke which occur with increased frequency among OC users. Most who take OCs suffer more subtle disturbances in blood pressure, and biochemical and hormonal levels which may pose additional risks for cardiovascular disease. It is concluded that the risks of OC use often outweigh the benefits, however, prudent use of OCs will improve the balance between risk and benefit.
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PMID:Cardiovascular complications of oral contraceptives. 34 38

Left ventricular (LV) function was investigated by left heart catheterization at rest and during exercise in 15 men 3--5 months after acute myocardial infarction. The effect of 8 mg oxyfedrine i.v. in 10 patients was compared to placebo in 5. The administration of oxyfedrine led to a significant decrease of LV end-diastolic pressure; an increase of LV dp/dt max, heart rate, LV ejection fraction and LV stroke work; and a shift of LV function curve indicating its improvement. These results give evidence for a positive inotropic effect of this drug which could have therapeutic implications in patients with impaired LV function after myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Effects of oxyfedrine on left ventricular function in patients several months after myocardial infarction. 35 92


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