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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 100 consecutive, adult, hospitalized inpatients with acquired unilateral oculosympathetic palsy, in 63 the central neuron was involved-usually due to strokes; in 21, tumor or trauma affected the preganglionic neuron; and in 13, postganglionic damage was sustained from a variety of causes. The preponderance of first neuron involvement by stroke is in part a reflection of patient sampling, but emphasizes the fact that central causes of Horner's syndrome are common.
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PMID:Oculosympathetic paresis. Analysis of 100 hospitalized patients. 42 May 95

We report a 62-year-old man with ballism confined to the right leg, so-called monoballism. He was admitted to our hospital complaining of gait disturbance due to violent involuntary movements in the right lower extremity which had developed seven days before. He had a ten-years' history of hypertension and at age 57 had been diagnosed as having asymptomatic multiple cerebral infarcts. Until admission, he was taking antiplatelet drugs for the purpose of preventing thrombotic stroke. On neurological examination, he showed mild impairment of higher brain function, Horner's sign in the left eye, and typical ballism in the right lower extremity. Involuntary movements were never observed in the face and the other extremities. Surface electromyography also showed reciprocal burst discharges at about 1 Hz related to the ballistic movements in the right lower extremity. CT scan revealed a high density lesion surrounded by a low density in the left subthalamic area. MRI examination demonstrated a dumbbell shaped hemorrhage extending from the left subthalamic nucleus to the dorsomedial nucleus of the ipsilateral thalamus. Adding to the hemorrhage, many ischemic lesions were observed in the bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus including the left pallidum. The causal end of the hemorrhage apparently located in the anterior dorsomedial portion of the subthalamic nucleus. There were few reports concerning monoballism, especially monoballism limited to the lower extremity. Recent researches indicate that a subthalamic lesion reduces the excitatory control from the subthalamus to the internal segment of the globus pallidus, which leads to a disinhibition of the thalamus and gives rise to ballism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of thalamo-subthalamic hemorrhage presenting monoballism in the contralateral lower extremity]. 130 Feb 59

Internal carotid artery dissection is a major cause of ischemic stroke in the young. Pain is the leading symptom and is associated with other focal signs such as Horner's syndrome and painful tinnitus or with signs of cerebral or retinal ischemia. We report two patients with angiographically confirmed extracranial internal carotid artery dissection presenting with cephalic pain as the only manifestation. The first patient had a diffuse headache and a latero-cervical pain lasting for 12 days, reminiscent of carotidynia. The second patient experienced an exploding headache suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was ruled out by computed tomography of the head and cerebrospinal fluid study. These patients demonstrate that recognition of carotid artery dissection as a cause of carotidynia and headache suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage may permit an earlier diagnosis and possibly the prevention of a stroke through the use of anticoagulation.
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PMID:Pain as the only manifestation of internal carotid artery dissection. 142 63

Spontaneous dissections of the internal carotid arteries are uncommon but are not rare. They constitute a fairly common cause of ischemic stroke in young patients (young in terms of the age at which strokes generally occur). The common presenting manifestations are (1) unilateral headaches followed after a period of delay by focal cerebral ischemic symptoms or (2) unilateral headaches and ipsilateral incomplete Horner's syndrome. These may or may not be associated with subjective or objective bruits. In rare instances, spontaneous dissections of the internal carotid arteries may present as lower cranial nerve palsies and cause dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and numbness of the throat. Affected patients may initially present to the otolaryngologist or be referred to one. This article describes eight patients with spontaneous dissections of the internal carotid arteries and lower cranial nerve palsies, and the pertinent literature is reviewed.
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PMID:Spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery. Presentation with lower cranial nerve palsies. 155 74

To determine if recent trends in evaluation and therapy have contributed to the successful surgical management of carotid body paragangliomas, we reviewed our experience over the past decade. Nineteen carotid body paragangliomas were identified in 17 patients. Eleven patients underwent complete, preoperative embolization of their afferent arteries with one complication. Calculated carotid body paragangliomas surface areas did not differ between the embolized 64.6 +/- 43.3 cm2 and nonembolized 63.0 +/- 57.9 cm2 lesions. Intraoperative blood loss was lower (p = 0.02) in the patients treated with embolization (372 +/- 213 ml) compared with their cohorts (609 +/- 564 ml). However, the operative times were equivalent 4.1 hours versus 4.5 hours in both groups. Intraoperative electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was used in 10 patients; in one patient the EEG indicated intraoperative thrombosis of the carotid artery, which was successfully treated by thrombectomy without complications. Two patients required carotid bifurcation resection and vascular reconstruction to remove the entire tumor; a late stroke manifested by contralateral hand weakness developed in one of these patients. The incidence of cranial nerve injury was low at 16%, with one transient ramus mandibularis paresis and two instances of vocal cord dysfunction. Two additional patients had a postoperative Horner's syndrome. We conclude that by diminishing intraoperative blood loss through complete and careful preoperative embolization and use of intraoperative EEG monitoring along with careful surgical technique, the complications associated with this challenging operation are facilitated and diminished.
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PMID:The current surgical management of carotid body paragangliomas. 159 86

Nine patients with dissections of the cervical arteries are presented. Dissections cause approximately three per cent of non-haemorrhagic stroke and are usually observed in young and middle-aged patients. Dissections very often give rise to head or neck pain. Carotid artery dissection may lead to lower cranial nerve dysfunction and an incomplete Horner's syndrome in case of subadventitial dissection, and to cerebral ischaemia in case of subintimal spread. Vertebral artery dissection may cause brain stem ischaemia (subintimal dissection) or in rare cases a subarachnoid haemorrhage (subadventitial spread). The history frequently reveals a (trivial) traumatic event. Diagnosis is usually established by angiography or MRI. The prognosis is good and recurrences are rare. Treatment with anticoagulants or acetylsalicylic acid seems recommendable, though scientifically unproven.
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PMID:[Dissection of cervical arteries as a cause of cerebral ischemia or cranial nerve dysfunction]. 221 57

The lateral medullary syndrome is a rare syndrome resulting from a cerebrovascular accident involving part of the medulla oblongata with consequent loss of pain and temperature sensation in the orofacial region, loss of taste, and palatal palsy and loss of gag reflex, together with Horner's syndrome and ataxia. A case is presented and the literature reviewed.
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PMID:The lateral medullary syndrome. 231 57

We have treated six patients with carotid body tumours in the period from 1972 to 1988. All patients had a neck mass on presentation. In addition one patient complained of tinnitus and another was noted to have Horner's syndrome. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound and angiography in all cases. Five patients subsequently underwent successful surgical resection. At the time of surgery one of the tumours was found to be locally invasive. One elderly patient was deemed unfit for surgery and was managed non-surgically with a satisfactory outcome. A review of the literature reveals that surgery is still the preferred mode of treatment although preoperative embolization may be a useful adjunct. Although the incidence of peroperative stroke has gradually been reduced from that found in earlier series, injury to the cranial nerves remains high and is the main hazard of surgical management. The improved results of surgical resection in more recent reports support the view that these tumours should be treated in units with expertise in vascular surgery of the neck.
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PMID:Carotid body tumours: report of six cases and a review of management. 239 33

The case of a "young stroke" affecting a 22 years old man is reported. Essential clinical features were drowsiness, headache, motor aphasia, right hemiparesis and Claude-Bernard-Horner in the left eye. An extensive investigative protocol was carried out which revealed an occlusion of the intracranial left ICA with subsequent recanalization. The possible causes of the stroke (migraine, dissection or combination of both) are discussed and the importance of a complete evaluation of patients of this kind is stressed.
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PMID:A case of "young stroke" with ICA intracranial occlusion: pathogenetic implication for dissection in migraine. 263 67

In younger patients, the clinical symptoms of sudden unilateral headache and facial pain, often combined with Horner syndrome and the cerebrovascular symptoms of TIAs or stroke, should indicate the diagnosis of spontaneous carotid dissection. Angiographic findings can verify this diagnosis, showing various signs of eccentric, narrowing stenosis, false lumen, pseudoaneurysms, or complete occlusion. An addition to noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography, B-mode and Duplex investigations, although more or less nonspecific, give some indications of the diagnosis; modern imaging techniques, especially MRI, can image the intramural hematoma directly. As the hematoma is the source of the intracranial emboli, the therapy of choice in this rarely diagnosed disease should be anticoagulation.
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PMID:[Carotid dissections]. 267 40


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