Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the past three years, high-dose barbiturate therapy has been used in the treatment of 60 patients with head injury (N = 45), encephalitis (N = 8), acute focal cerebral ischemia (stroke, N = 4), and global anoxia secondary to drowning (N = 3). High-dose barbiturates appear to be useful adjuncts in the control of intracranial hypertension refractory to other methods of therapy. Administration of barbiturates to patients with this problem will often reduce the requirement for osmotic agents, thereby facilitating medical management by avoiding hyperosmolality and fluid and electrolyte depletion. In a carefully controlled intensive care setting the risk of barbiturate therapy is low, though the costs and demands on personnel are great. Survival appeared to be improved in aptients with ,head injury and encephalitis. Although the ultimate outcome was not altered in patients with stroke or near-drowning, intracranial hypertension did not occur until barbiturate therapy was withdrawn. This experience provides an ethical basis to justify further randomized studies for determining whether or not barbiturates materially improve the neurological outcome following cerebral ischemic and traumatic insults.
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PMID:High-dose barbiturate therapy in humans: a clinical review of 60 patients. 53 17

Although chorion carcinoma of the uterus is the seventh commonest in the comparative frequency of malignant tumours seen at the Cancer Registry of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria (being exceeded in order of commoness by the reticuloendothelial tumours, carcinoma of the cervix, liver, breast, stomach and ovary), it is the most frequent source of tumour deposit of the brain in this hospital. Between 1960 and 1969, 197 Nigerians with chorion cancer of the uterus were admitted to UCH; in twenty-five of them the nervous system was involved during the course of their disease. The neurological involvement presented as acute cerebrovascular accident in fourteen, encephalitis in five; as primary intracranial space-occupying lesion in three cases and in one patient, as cord compression. There were no obvious neurological features in two cases in which necropsy revealed brain metastases. Involvement of the nervous system carries a poor prognosis in chorion cancer of the uterus.
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PMID:The neurology of metastatic chorion carcinoma. 82 2

Records of 11 postmenopausal parkinsonism patients were evaluated in comparison with those of 11 postmenopausal depression patients. None had a history of encephalitis, stroke, drug-induced or toxic extrapyramidal disorders, or active bleeding within six months before admission. There was no significant differences between the two groups with regard to time interval from menopause to onset of symptoms, height, weight, or age at first admission. Both groups showed normal height, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte counts. Parkinsonism patients were underweight and had a shorter interval from menopause to onset of symptoms (12.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 16.8 +/- 2.5 yr.). These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that in parkinsonism, hereditary predisposition to positive body iron balance may be associated with alteration of the blood-brain barrier in parkinsonism.
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PMID:Postmenopausal Parkinsonism: brain iron overload? 93 Jul 48

A case-control study was performed to investigate the significance of arteriosclerosis, heredity and some infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. The study group consisted of all traceable patients with Parkinson's disease living in a defined area, a total of 444 patients, and of control subjects for each patient, matched in sex and age, chosen from among the general population residing in the same area. No significant differences were found between the patients and the controls concerning the occurrence of cardiac insufficiency, coronary heart disease, or stroke. The Parkinsonian patients, however, had a significantly lower incidence of clinical arterial hypertension when compared with the controls. In addition, the patients more often had low systolic blood pressures and more rarely high pressures than the controls. Even the mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The low blood pressure seems to be an effect of Parkinson's disease itself with a minor contribution of levodopa therapy. The observations above are considered to indicate that arteriosclerosis and Parkinson's disease are probably only concurrent disorders and not in etiological relationship with each other. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of the patients and the controls with relatives with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor, which suggests that genetic factors do not have a significant role in Parkinson's disease and on the other hand that essential tremor and Parkinson's disease are two separate disease entities. No other encephalitis than a lethargic one was found to precede Parkinson's disease and the occurrence of meningitis was rare both among the patients and the controls. The history of Spanish influenza was found to be as frequent in the patients as in the controls, thus not supporting the idea that influenza has etiological importance in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Arteriosclerosis, heredity, and some previous infections in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study. 100 13

A case of herpes simplex virus encephalitis is described in a patient known to suffer from chronic atrial fibrillation and whose clinical symptoms suggested cerebral embolism of cardiac origin. The final diagnosis was based on the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and a significant rise in antibody titers in the serum. The patient regained consciousness after craniotomy and treatment with idoxuridine. The case emphasizes that the possibility of herpetic encephalitis should be considered in patients presenting with typical signs of a cerebrovascular accident.
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PMID:Herpes simplex encephalitis simulating systemic embolism. 126 5

Because little was known about the prevalence of neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Africa, we conducted a cross-sectional study among consecutive admissions to the internal medicine wards of Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Of the 196 patients studied, 104 (53%) were HIV-1 seropositive, of whom 50 (48%) had stage 3 and 49 (47%) had stage 4 HIV-1 infection according to the provisional WHO staging criteria for HIV infection. Neuropsychiatric abnormalities were present in 43 (41%) of 104 HIV-1-seropositive patients. Of the HIV-1-seropositive patients, 9 (8.7%; 95% confidence interval, 4-16%) were diagnosed as having possible HIV-1-associated dementia complex, 1 (1%) as having possible HIV-1 myelopathy, and 3 (2.7%) as having possible HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Definitive diagnoses could not be made because there were no facilities for neuroimaging and neuropathology. Meningitis caused by cryptococcus was diagnosed in six (5.6%) and by Mycobacterium avium in two (2%) of the HIV-1 seropositive patients. Acute onset hemiplegia, believed to be due to stroke, was present in four (4%) of the HIV-1-seropositive patients. The prevalence of other central nervous system opportunistic infections and mass lesions, especially toxoplasmic encephalitis, could not be assessed. In this population of Zairian inpatients, the prevalence of neurological complications of HIV-1 infection was similar to that observed in industrialized countries among patients with advanced HIV disease.
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PMID:Neurological complications of HIV-1-seropositive internal medicine inpatients in Kinshasa, Zaire. 131 94

The authors describe the course of herpetic encephalitis in 52 patients aged 16 to 64 years. Five types of the initial manifestations of herpetic infection of the CNS were revealed. In 44.3% of cases the disease started from the general cerebral symptomatology and consciousness disturbance; in 13.6% it started in a brain stroke-like manner followed by the development of the comatose status; in 13.6% of cases from memory disorder and unmotivated actions; in the same percentage of cases, the disease onset was marked by the dominance of dizziness, diplopia, ataxia and central hemiplegia ; in 15.9% the disease started from pains in the stomach, loin and lower limbs. Hemispheric and pseudotumorous stem encephalitides (48.1 and 13.6% respectively) were predominant; in 25% meningoencephalitides and in the remainder, encephalomyelitis running their course in the form of disseminated encephalomyelitis (5.7%), focal myelitis (5.7%) or opticomyelitis (1.9%). The data presented attest to the pleomorphism of the clinical picture of herpetic lesions of the CNS.
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PMID:[Clinical forms of acute herpetic infections of the central nervous system in adults]. 132 73

Dystonia is a syndrome characterized by sustained muscle contraction, provoking twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. It may be classified according to etiology, as idiopathic or symptomatic. We studied 122 Brazilian patients with a dystonic syndrome. Of these, 46 (37.7%) had symptomatic dystonia. The most frequent cause was tardive dystonia (34.8%) followed by perinatal cerebral injury (30.4%). Other causes were stroke (13.0%), encephalitis (6.5%) and Wilson's disease (4.3%). Cranial trauma, mitochondrial cytopathy and psychogenic, were the least frequent causes with one patient in each category. The etiology in two patients could not be established. Perinatal cerebral injury and postencephalitic dystonia were seen in the younger age group, while post-stroke and tardive dystonia were seen in the older age group.
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PMID:Symptomatic dystonia: clinical profile of 46 Brazilian patients. 142 47

Nuclear medicine has a place in the study of brain trauma, brain tumours, stroke, dementia epilepsy and depression. The development of new tracers labelled with widely available radionuclides, such as technetium-99m (99Tc) and iodine-123, has played a key role here. Practical methodology can now be implemented in the routine setting. Additional applications are reviewed in the context of brain death, encephalitis, post-viral fatigue syndrome, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
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PMID:The role of nuclear medicine in neurology and psychiatry. 146 80

Six cases of apparent and four cases of histopathologically confirmed vasculitis of the central nervous system (CNS), including one case of histopathologically documented vasculitis with encephalitis associated with coccidioidal meningitis (CM), are presented. Vasculitic complications included changes in mental status as well as stroke-like findings of aphasia, hemianopsia, and hemiparesis. Seven patients died. Vasculitic complications were unanticipated and often abrupt in onset, and delayed therapeutic intervention was characteristic. The diagnosis of vasculitis/encephalitis due to Coccidioides immitis infection must be based on clinical judgment, since serum antibody titers, cerebrospinal fluid findings, and initial radiological studies are not always helpful. Institution of both intravenous and intracisternal administration of amphotericin B and possibly concomitant intravenous administration of dexamethasone may be warranted in situations in which the association of C. immitis with CNS vasculitis or encephalitis appears likely before serologic or cultural confirmation of C. immitis infection involving the CNS is available.
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PMID:Vasculitic and encephalitic complications associated with Coccidioides immitis infection of the central nervous system in humans: report of 10 cases and review. 156 59


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