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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight hundred and eight subjects participated in three surveys of random samples of people aged 65 years or more living in their own homes. Neurological history and examination showed the prevalence of completed stroke to be 73 per 1000. Eighty-seven subjects per 1000 gave a history of transient cerebral ischaemic attacks. These prevalence rates were unaffected by age or sex. Senile dementia was diagnosed in 24 subjects per 1000 under 75 years and 109 per 1000 over that age. The prevalence of dementia of all types was 43 per 1000 under, and 140 per 1000, over 75 years of age. Parkinsonism was diagnosed in 16 subjects per 1000, and essential tremor in 17 per 1000. The prevalence of epilepsy was four subject per 1000. Other neurological disorders were diagnosed in 36 subjects, and a similar number had neurological abnormalities to which a definite diagnosis could not be given.
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PMID:Neurological disorders in the elderly at home. 18 Feb 57

The records of 59 patients above the age of 65 operated on for diverse neurosurgical problems between January 1975 and September 1976 were reviewed. It was found that in only about half of the cases was the referral diagnosis correct. Most of the referred patients diagnosed as cerebrovascular accident or senile dementia were found to be suffering from intracranial space-occupying lesions or normal pressure hydrocephalus. Post-operatively there was a significant improvement in 48% of this group of geriatric patients, with no change in 23% and a poor result in 29%. when the data on patients with benign lesions were considered separately, it was found that in this group there was a significant improvement in 60%, with no change in 23% and a poor result in only 17%.
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PMID:Neurosurgical management of the elderly patient. 70 98

A group of clinical senile dementia patients underwent a series of cerebrovascular examinations. Some of them were standard examinations (fundus oculi, electroencephalogram, rheoencephalogram, cerebral angiogram and pneumonencephalogram) while the others were studying regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and modification of flow under fonctional tests (hypercapnia, hypocapnia and intravenous injection of 50 mg chl. papaverine) using the 133Xe clearance technique. The senile dementia group (III) was compared with 'normal' old patients group (I) and with patients suffering from sequelae of a previous stroke or from minor mental disorders (group II). Elderly subjects regarded as 'normal' often present alterations in usual vascular examinations but reveal a relative integrity of cerebral autoregulation. Some patients considered irreversibly 'sclerotic' still have a good grey matter flow (r1CBF) with real vasomotor possibilities. In each of the three groups of elderly subjects, there seemed to be a lack of correlation between the clinical symptoms and certain specific vascular examination.
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PMID:Cerebral vasoreactivity in senile dementia. 83 Feb 50

Thirty-five elderly patients underwent a systematic series of cerebrovascular examinations. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of clinical criteria: normal patients (Group 1), patients with sequelae of a previous stroke or with minor mental disorders (Group 2), and patients with arteriosclerosis dementia (Group 3). The vasomotor reactions of the cerebral arteries were investigated by estimating regional cerebral blood flow (133Xe clearance technique). The authors emphasize the existence of cerebral vasoreactivity in subjects with clinical symptoms of senile dementia. Furthermore, in each of the three groups of elderly patients, there seemed to be a lack of correlation between the clinical symptoms and certain specific vascular examinations.
Stroke
PMID:Comparative study of cerebral vasoactivity in vascular sclerosis of the brain in elderly men. 119 32

We discuss the transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) on 40 patients in the chronic stage of stroke, all of whom were refractory to conservative managements of urinary disturbance. All patients, between 35 and 89 years old (mean: 52.6 years), had only one episode of stroke and were diagnosed as benign prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck contracture that appeared to cause urinary disturbance in these patients. At six months after TUR-P, all except for one patient, who needed an indwelling catheter due to a reinfarction, were catheter free. Of these cases 36 (92%) obtained independent micturition and did not develop urinary incontinence except transiently postoperatively. Two cases with impaired mobility and one case with progressive senile dementia required helpmates and/or a commode and so forth postoperatively. It is concluded that in chronic stroke patients TUR-P is recommended for those with benign prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck contracture.
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PMID:[Transurethral resection of the prostate in the urological management for patients with stroke]. 128 71

Lacunes on brain MRI, causal blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and common carotid blood flow measured by the doppler method were studied in 31 elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age 67.5 +/- 7.3 years). Nineteen patients with Parkinson's disease (61%) had at least one lacune. Patients with lacunes (P(+)) were significantly higher in age than patients without lacune (P(-)). The difference of casual blood pressure between patients in the two groups was not significant. On the other hand, the average of ambulatory blood pressure measurements during a 24-hour period was significantly higher in the P(+) group than in the P(-) group. The average of carotid blood flow was also significantly lower in the P(+) group than in the P(-) group, however, after adjustment for age, the difference between them became insignificant. In conclusion, the incidence of silent lacunes on brain MRI was fairly common in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. A high average 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was suggested to be one of the risk factors of lacunar stroke in elderly cases of Parkinson's disease. The concept of "combine type" in Parkinsonism was supposed to be suitable as well as in senile dementia of Alzheimer type.
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PMID:[Silent lacunes in the elderly Parkinson's disease correlated with ambulatory blood pressure]. 143 50

Dementia is in addition to cerebral haemorrhage major symptom of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAa). In order to explore the pathological basis for dementia in CAa-related conditions, we made a clinicopathological analysis of CAa, with special attention to dementia. Among 150 patients (mean age 78.6 years) with autopsy-proven intracranial haemorrhage in Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center, CAa with cerebral haemorrhage accounted for 8.0% (12 cases), associated with hypertension and metastatic brain tumour. Among 38 patients with lobar haemorrhage, CAa represented the second most common cause (21.1%) of intracranial haemorrhage after hypertension. A total of 20 patients with CAa (mean age 82.5 years) were studies clinically and pathologically. Hypertension was present in 50%. Thirteen had a history of stroke and others had either ill-defined or no strokes. The average number of strokes 2.9. Fifteen patients (75%) had dementia. Based on the clinicopathological grounds for dementia, CAa-related conditions could be divided into three subtypes: "haemorrhagic", "dementia-haemorrhagic" and "dementia" type. Haemorrhagic type (30%, 6 cases) showed multiple recurrent lobar haemorrhages caused by CAa. Hypertension was present in only 1 patient. The incidence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles was generally correlated with age. Only 1 patient had dementia. The dementia-haemorrhagic type (40%, 8 patients) had recurrent strokes with cerebral haemorrhage after preceding dementia. There were two different neuropathological subsets: CAa with atypical senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) and CAa with diffuse leucoencephalopathy. Patients with CAa with atypical SDAT had multiple cerebral haemorrhages caused by CAa combined with atypical Alzheimer-type pathology. Patients with CAa with diffuse leucoencephalopathy had cerebral haemorrhages in combination with diffuse white matter damage like Binswanger's subcortical vascular encephalopathy (BSVE). The incidence of senile changes correlated with age. Patients with the dementia type (30%, 6 patients) showed progressive dementia with or without haemorrhage. All had hypertension. They had a combined condition of Alzheimer-type pathology with conspicuous CAa with BSVE. Dementia in CAa-related conditions may be responsible for multiple factors including not Alzheimer-type degeneration, but also diffuse leucoencephalopathy like Binswanger's disease. We also found an asymptomatic type, an ischaemic type, a vasculitis type and an hereditary type in this condition.
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PMID:Dementia in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a clinicopathological study. 144 72

Risk factors for permanent admission to a nursing home were studied in a prospective study of persons 70 years and over who received home nursing. Demographic data and use of psychotropic drugs were registered, and mental capacity, behaviour, and performance of activities of daily living (ADL-function) estimated. 214 patients received home nursing. 166 patients were available for the follow-up study after 16 months, of whom 31 had been admitted to a nursing home. Senile dementia and stroke were the most frequent diagnoses of admitted patients. Mental impairment, age, and amount of home nursing were associated with permanent admission to a nursing home. The odds for being admitted were 10.2 (C.I. 2.3-44.4) times higher in moderately and severely mentally impaired persons than in not mentally impaired persons. The odds for admittance for those 85 years and over, compared with those younger than 80, were 5.0 higher (C.I. 1.6-15.6); and those receiving home nursing three times weekly or more had 3.8 (C.I. 1.4-9.8) times higher odds than those with less help.
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PMID:Risk factors for admission to a nursing home. A study of elderly people receiving home nursing. 164 22

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and ACTH, and plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol were determined in samples taken simultaneously from 28 patients with dementia including senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), multi-infarct dementia (MID), dementia following a cerebrovascular accident (CVD), and the borderline-to-normal state. CRH levels in CSF were significantly reduced in patients with SDAT and CVD, but not in those with MID, as compared with the borderline cases. ACTH levels in CSF were significantly reduced in the patients with SDAT compared to those with MID. Reduced CRH levels in CSF were found in the patients who showed severe dementia and poor activities of daily living (ADL). Plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol were normal and were not significantly different among the four groups of patients. CRH levels in CSF were positively correlated with ACTH levels in CSF, but not with the levels of plasma CRH, ACTH or cortisol. Plasma CRH levels were positively correlated with plasma ACTH levels. These results suggest that: 1) abnormalities in the extrahypothalamic CRH system play a role in the pathophysiology of senile dementia, which may not be specific to SDAT; 2) CSF CRH is correlated with the severity of dementia and ADL; 3) the levels of CRH in CSF and plasma are independent, and 4) the plasma CRH reflects, at least in part, the activity of the hypothalamic CRH regulating the secretion of pituitary ACTH.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone in senile dementia. 164 37

In 1898, Alzheimer wrote an exhaustive update on psychogeriatric issues. He discussed paralytic dementia, involutional melancholia, senile dementia, presenile dementia, arteriosclerotic dementia, Binswanger disease, stroke-induced dementia, and other dementias of vascular origin. In this paper, he appeared to describe his very first case of Alzheimer disease, he anticipated the ischemic score, and outlined his opinion about numerous issues of dementia research that are of current interest.
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PMID:Recent studies on dementia senilis and brain disorders caused by atheromatous vascular disease: by A. Alzheimer, 1898. 178 68


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