Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Even though the field of medicine has developed tremendously, the wide variety of cancer is still among chronic and life threatening disease today. Therefore, the specialists constantly research and try every possible way to find cure or preventive ways to stop its further development. For this reason, studies concerning the chronic disease such as cancer have been spread to many different fields. In this regard, many other alternative ways besides medicine, are used in prevention of cancer. Nutritional therapy, herbal therapy, sportive activities, art therapy, music therapy, dance therapy, imagery, yoga and acupuncture can be given as examples. Among these, dance/movement therapy which deals with individuals physical, emotional, cognitive as well as social integration is widely used as a popular form of physical activity. The physical benefits of dance therapy as exercise are well documented. Studies have shown that physical activity is known to increase special neurotransmitter substances in the brain (endorphins), which create a state of well-being. And total body movement such as dance enhances the functions of other body systems, such as circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, and muscular systems. Regarding its unique connection to the field of medicine, many researches have been undertaken on the effects of dance/movement therapy in special settings with physical problems such as amputations, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, chronic illnesses such as anorexia, bulimia, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, AIDS, and arthritis. Today dance/movement therapy is a well recognized form of complementary therapy used in hospitals as well as at the comprehensive clinical cancer centres.
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PMID:Dance as a therapy for cancer prevention. 1623 9

Platelets are an important, albeit generally underappreciated, component of the inflammatory cascade. Platelets are known to contribute to inflammation in atherosclerosis, stroke, and asthma. They produce a large number of proinflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines, and play a vital role in recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. We review the role of platelets in inflammation, how they assist in the recruitment of leukocytes into lung tissue in asthma, and evidence of their dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF). Platelet dysfunction in CF could contribute to pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction. We hypothesize that platelet activation is important in CF lung disease and suggest research avenues that might help elucidate the role of activated platelets in CF.
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PMID:The inflammatory role of platelets in cystic fibrosis. 1633 20

The coughing paroxysms of patients with cystic fibrosis may occasion neurological symptoms. Although cough syncope is well-known, and is associated with headache and paralysis, a migrainous mechanism has not been reported. We reviewed the medical records, autonomic testing results, and responses to treatment in two cystic fibrosis patients with similar presentations of cough-induced impairment of consciousness followed by headache and paralysis. A 24-year-old woman and an unrelated 38-year-old man, both with cystic fibrosis, developed post-tussive neurologic deficits. Both patients reported infrequent dramatic spells, always preceded by major hemoptysis, and associated with left-sided paralysis, transient blindness, nausea, and severe pulsating headaches. Autonomic testing demonstrated only postural tachycardia and a near-vasodepressor episode in the woman, and mild, generalized sympathetic dysfunction in the man. Treatment for presumptive migraine with aura with verapamil nearly eradicated symptoms in both patients. Discontinuation of verapamil in the woman was associated with symptom recurrence and a stroke, with significant persistent residual left hemiparesis. In conclusion, cough-induced neurologic deficits were previously reported with cystic fibrosis, without clear understanding of the mechanism of impairment of consciousness. Based on the hemiparesis, nausea, and throbbing headache, which repeatedly followed the events in both patients, and based on the response to verapamil, we hypothesize a migrainous mechanism in both of our patients. The pathophysiology that links the hemoptysis to the spells deserves further investigation.
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PMID:Cough-induced hemiplegic migraine with impaired consciousness in cystic fibrosis. 1637 53

Cystic fibrosis patients with an implantable venous access device (IVAD) and a patent foramen ovale (PFO) are at an increased risk of developing paradoxical embolism. A 33-year-old patient who had a cerebrovascular accident in the above setting is described. She had been anticoagulated because she had thrombosis of the tip of the indwelling catheter, and her PFO was closed percutaneously followed by replacement of her IVAD. She made a full neurological recovery. Echocardiography and prophylactic closure of the PFO, when present, as primary prevention for paradoxical embolism may be warranted in cystic fibrosis patients before placement of an IVAD.
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PMID:Paradoxical embolization in an adult cystic fibrosis patient. 1770 45

Many diseases have multifactorial origins. There is increasing evidence that mild dehydration plays a role in the development of various morbidities. In this review, effects of hydration status on acute and chronic diseases are depicted (excluding the acute effects of mild dehydration on exercise performance, wellness, cognitive function, and mental performance) and categorized according to four categories of evidence (I-IV). Avoidance of a high fluid intake as a precautionary measure may be indicated in patients with cardiovascular disorders, pronounced chronic renal failure (III), hypoalbuminemia, endocrinopathies, or in tumor patients with cisplatin therapy (IIb) and menace of water intoxication. Acute systemic mild hypohydration or dehydration may be a pathogenic factor in oligohydramnios (IIa), prolonged labor (IIa), cystic fibrosis (III), hypertonic dehydration (III), and renal toxicity of xenobiotica (Ib). Maintaining good hydration status has been shown to positively affect urolithiasis (Ib) and may be beneficial in treating urinary tract infection (IIb), constipation (III), hypertension (III), venous thromboembolism (III), fatal coronary heart disease (III), stroke (III), dental disease (IV), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (IIb), gallstone disease (III), mitral valve prolapse (IIb), and glaucoma (III). Local mild hypohydration or dehydration may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several broncho-pulmonary disorders like exercise asthma (IIb) or cystic fibrosis (Ib). In bladder and colon cancers, the evidence on hydration status' effects is inconsistent.
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PMID:Hydration and disease. 1792 62

Tetracycline and its derivatives, such as chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, methacycline and lymecycline, are naturally occurring or semi-synthetic polyketide compounds that exhibit a well known broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that interferes with prokaryotic protein synthesis at the ribosome level. In addition to this well known antibacterial activity these compounds also exhibit a variety of additional, less well known properties. Among them are separate and distinct anti-inflammatory properties. Tetracycline and related compounds have been shown to be effective chemotherapeutic agents in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions. These include periodontitis, rosacea, acne, auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and protection of the central nervous system against trauma and neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease. Tetracycline and related compounds appear to be beneficial for treatment of several chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Among them are asthma, bronchiectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chemical induced lung damage and cystic fibrosis. The clinical use of tetracycline-type drugs in treatment of chronic airway inflammation is becoming a topic of intense interest. Recent findings in this area have led to an understanding of the myriad physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response and how this response may be controlled to limit damage to host cells and tissues. This review presents a brief summary of the recent research in the area of tetracycline and its derivatives in control of pulmonary inflammation.
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PMID:Tetracyclines and pulmonary inflammation. 1822 Sep 43

Patient groups subject to higher occurrence of stroke (e.g., people with diabetes, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension) have reduced release of ATP from their erythrocytes (ERYs) when subjected to flow-induced deformation or pharmacological stimuli. These same groups also have platelets that are more adhesive in comparison to controls. Here we show platelet aggregation, and inhibition of that aggregation, is affected by free Ca(2+) entering the platelet through the ATP-gated P2X1 receptor. The addition of ATP (10 microM) increased the platelet NO by 26.7 +/- 7.7%. This value was decreased significantly to below basal levels in the presence of NF 449 (p < 0.001), an inhibitor of the P2X1 receptor on the platelet. Aggregation profiles measured in the presence of ATP revealed that when the P2X1 receptor was blocked, or when the measurements were performed in Ca(2+) free buffer, platelet aggregation was nearly eliminated. Our findings employing standard aggregation measurements suggest that ATP behaves as a platelet inhibitor below 1.6 x 10(-19) moles ATP per platelet; however, above this value, ATP behaves as a platelet activator. These findings suggesting a dual nature of ATP with regard to platelet behavior were confirmed by passing platelets over endothelial cells that were coated in the channels of a microfluidic device. Importantly, it was determined that ERY-derived ATP release was a major determinant of platelet adhesion to the endothelium. These findings may have implications in anti-platelet drug design as most current therapies focus on the inhibition of P2Y-type receptors. Moreover, through the use of microfluidic technologies, we have provided in vitro evidence for a possible relationship between ERY properties and platelet behavior in vivo.
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PMID:The dual nature of extracellular ATP as a concentration-dependent platelet P2X1 agonist and antagonist. 2002 74

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), also called protein transduction domains (PTD), membrane-permeable peptides (MPP), or Trojan horse peptides, have been used in many different research areas. The delivery of heat shock proteins (Hsp) using CPP has been applied in models for apoptosis, necrosis, oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, cystic fibrosis, smooth muscle relaxation, myocardial injury, scar formation, and others. This review summarizes the accomplishments of the field over the last years and discusses why Hsp are particularly suitable for CPP-mediated delivery.
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PMID:Cell-penetrating peptide technology to deliver chaperones and associated factors in diseases and basic research. 2016 65

The purine- and pyrimidine-sensitive P2Y receptors belong to the large group of G-protein-coupled receptors that are the target of approximately one-third of the pharmaceutical drugs used in the clinic today. It is therefore not unexpected that the P2Y receptors could be useful targets for drug development. This chapter will discuss P2Y receptor-based therapies currently used, in development and possible future developments. The platelet inhibitors blocking the ADP-receptor P2Y(12) reduce myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Clopidogrel (Plavix) was for many years the second most selling drug in the world. The improved P2Y(12) inhibitors prasugrel, ticagrelor, and elinogrel are now entering the clinic with even more pronounced protective effects. The UTP-activated P2Y(2) receptor stimulates ciliary movement and secretion from epithelial cells. Cystic fibrosis is a monogenetic disease where reduced chloride ion secretion results in a severe lung disease and early death. No specific treatment has been available, but the P2Y(2) agonist Denufosol has been shown to improve lung function and is expected to be introduced as treatment for cystic fibrosis soon. In preclinical studies, there are indications that P2Y receptors can be important for diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular, and atherosclerotic disease. In conclusion, P2Y receptors are important for the health of humans for many diseases, and we can expect even more beneficial drugs targeting P2Y receptors in the future.
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PMID:P2Y receptors in health and disease. 2158 66

Purinergic neurotransmission was proposed in 1972 following identification of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) as the transmitter in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves in guinea-pig taenia coli. Subsequently ATP was identified as a co-transmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic and most nerves in the peripheral and central nervous systems. ATP acts as a short-term signalling molecule in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and secretion and has long-term (trophic) roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and death in development and regeneration. Three subclasses of purine and pyrimidine receptors have been identified, P1 adenosine receptors (4 subtypes), P2X ionotropic nucleotide receptors (7 subtypes) and P2Y metabotropic receptors (8 subtypes). ATP is released physiologically by many cell types by mechanical deformation and, after release, ATP undergoes ectonucleotidase degradation. Purinergic receptors appeared early in evolution and have a widespread distribution on many non-neuronal cells and neurons. Purinergic signalling is involved in embryonic and stem cell development. There is a rapidly growing literature about the pathophysiology of purinergic signalling including therapeutic developments for diseases, including stroke, thrombosis, osteoporosis, kidney failure, bladder incontinence, cystic fibrosis, dry eye, cancer and brain disorders.
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PMID:Introductory overview of purinergic signalling. 2162 1


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