Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In April 1985, a report entitled "Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated with Brain Disorders" was published by the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. A panel of ten individuals completed the report documenting the knowledge and the complexities of what is known with respect to brain damage that may develop before birth or in the neonatal period. It is clear that all stages of fetal and neonatal development influence normal outcome. Although intrapartal period events may explain a significant portion of cerebral palsy, the illness is often linked with confounding factors such as low birth weight and asphyxia. Pure epilepsy or pure mental retardation is rarely associated with intrapartal events. In general, the pathologic lesions seen in the brain may reflect many different fetal insults. The same clinical event such as asphyxia may result in varied intracranial diseases, which effects may depend on when the clinical events occurred.
 ...
PMID:Prenatal and perinatal factors associated with brain disorders. 373 66

The major objectives of this research were to examine unemployment in the MS population on a national level, and to identify factors which might influence an MS individual's employment status. Data used were from the National Multiple Sclerosis Survey conducted by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Data analysis was restricted to a subset of the sample who had worked at some time in their lives. Of 949 persons 79.7% were currently unemployed. While 65.2% had worked at the time of first symptom, only 27.2% were working at the time of the interview, an average of 17 years later. Path analyses revealed the overwhelming importance of mobility for remaining employed, particularly for males. Additional differences found between male and female path models were interpreted in terms of social role theory.
 ...
PMID:Employment in individuals with multiple sclerosis. 377 Oct 36

In this paper we describe advances in the clinical development of antiepileptic drugs as a function of the Antiepileptic Drug Development Program of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. This program encompasses both the preclinical and clinical elements of drug development through the Anticonvulsant Screening Project, the Toxicology Project, and the support of controlled clinical trials of potential new drugs that emerge from these projects and promise to be more effective and less toxic than those currently available for the treatment of epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Advances in the clinical development of antiepileptic drugs. 389 17

Identify persons with epilepsy by first looking for prescriptions for particular antiseizure drugs. Follow these prescriptions from the pharmacies to the physicians who wrote them for patients. Ask the physicians whether the patients have epilepsy. Finally, contact the patients who do have epilepsy to elicit information about the impact of that condition on their lives. With these steps, it may be possible to carry out successfully a probability survey of epilepsy in the United States population. To learn more about this approach, a field test was funded by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) of the Public Health Service. From 1978 through 1982, the work was planned, carried out, and evaluated by Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. Epilepsy is a sensitive topic to ask about in a survey. Also, the condition is sufficiently rare to render ordinary survey approaches inefficient. Even if rarity were not an issue, there would be the problem of response error because a person with epilepsy does not, as a rule, have much clinical information on his or her condition. Better information lies with the physician who provides the care, but many physicians are busy with their practices. Furthermore, their record systems are usually not designed for easy retrieval of information, unless the names of patients are available. In the survey approach considered here, the names of patients are obtained through a random sampling of prescriptions for antiseizure drugs. The field test was divided into three phases with special activities reserved for each. The most important problem confronted was how to safeguard the confidentiality of relationships between pharmacist and patient and between physician and patient.Special guidelines on confidentiality were put into effect for the data collection. These guidelines,however, contributed to serious problems of nonresponse-especially for physicians. This article provides a brief account of the field test, including a rationale for the survey strategy of finding cases of epilepsy through prescriptions for antiseizuredrugs.
 ...
PMID:A survey approach for finding cases of epilepsy. 392 82

A series of 22 cycloheximide analogues in which the substituents on the cycloheximide ring and imide nitrogen were varied, the glutarimide ring was changed to a succinimide ring, and the ring and/or side-chain oxygens were present as ketone and/or alcohol groups were prepared and sent to the Anticonvulsant Drug Development program of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Strokes for evaluation as anticonvulsants. Three compounds, namely cycloheximide (1a), 2-methyl dione 2c, and dihydrocycloheximide (4a), were further evaluated in Phase II testing for quantification of maximum activity with the latter eventually progressing to Phase IV and Phase VI screens.
 ...
PMID:Cycloheximide analogues as potential anticonvulsants. 394 13

A survey was made of the menarcheal age and anthropometry of 1,844 lower income, nulliparous female patients receiving prenatal care. No differences were observed between black and white patients in height and maximum pregnant weight. A significantly earlier mean menarcheal age was observed in adolescents (12 to 16 years) compared with adults (17 to 31 years). Younger adolescents (12 to 14 years) of both races were taller and heavier (prepregnancy) than National Center for Health Statistics standards and had a significantly greater weight-for-height. Menarcheal age and body habitus were consistent with other reports that younger pregnant adolescents tend to be earlier maturers than older pregnant adolescents and adults. Compared with their age-group cohorts (13 to 31 years) in the two-decades-old Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Communicative Disorders and Stroke, these female patients were larger and had greater pregnancy weight gains. These anthropometric findings may reflect the two decades of improvements in social assistance and prenatal care for lower income women.
 ...
PMID:Earlier maturation of pregnant black and white adolescents. 403 2

The study investigates the effect of speech therapy on the mood of aphasic stroke patients and their spouses. Patients were randomly allocated to receive speech therapy for 24 weeks starting at 10 weeks post stroke. Patient's mood was measured by means of simple rating scales and an adjective checklist. The mood of relatives was measured by The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and The Wakefield Depression Inventory. Whereas depression and anxiety were surprisingly uncommon in aphasic patients, many spouses suffered depression and minor psychiatric disturbances. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated patients and their spouses on any measure. Speech therapy was not shown to have any psychological benefits.
 ...
PMID:Psychological effects of speech therapy. 406 88

By collaborating with the pharmaceutical industry in key areas of drug development, the ADD Program of the Epilepsy Branch, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, has responded to the need for more effective and less toxic antiepileptic drugs than those currently available. The program screens large numbers of compounds for anticonvulsant activity, conducts toxicology studies, and sponsors clinical trials of promising new drugs for the treatment of epilepsy. This collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry is providing a valuable model for a shared drug development program.
 ...
PMID:The Antiepileptic Drug Development Program: an example of government-industry collaboration. 407 Mar 2

The authors examined the relationship between disproportionate intra-uterine head growth, or a relatively small head, and later development, using data collected as part of the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Within the population of infants who are normal by conventional criteria (term infants with appropriate weight and head-circumference for gestational age), a group with relatively small heads was defined by each of four different methods. Developmental outcome measures included the Bayley Mental and Motor Scales at eight months, Stanford-Binet IQ at four years and Wechsler Intelligence Scales IQ at seven years. No clinically meaningful differences in developmental outcome were found between the infants with relatively small heads and the remainder of the infants.
 ...
PMID:Disproportionate intra-uterine head growth and developmental outcome. 409 47

Case-control studies of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia were undertaken on white males born within the cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Significantly elevated risks of cryptorchidism were found for low birthweight, for a high maternal Quetelet's index and for oestrogens administered during gestation (R = 2.8). Similarly, in the case of inguinal hernia, significantly increased risk ratios were observed for low birthweight, for gestational use of progestins (RR = 2.1), and for breech labour (RR = 2.3). Because these malformations and testis cancer share many of the same risk factors, a common mechanism for production of these diseases is proposed which is mediated by testicular hypoplasia induced by excess exogenous or endogenous oestrogen in the mother.
 ...
PMID:Maternal and gestational factors affecting the risk of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia. 614 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>