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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneous abortion can be caused by chromosomal, endocrine, or immunologic factors as well as teratogens. Increased risk of abortion had been associated with gravidity. This paper presents data on 14,000 reproductive histories collected by the Collaborative Perinatal Project in the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NCPP) during the years 1959 and 1966. Majority of the women were young: less than 10% of gravidity 1 or 2 registrants were over 30; at parity 2, mean maternal age was 26.7 for whites and 25.1 for blacks. Calculation of overall risks for reach gravidity within each history size revealed a rise in risk with gravidity for each history length for both blacks and whites. Analysis of risks for spontaneous abortion within 5-year maternal age groups showed that among whites, there was no significant linear correlation of abortion risk on age in any category. Among blacks, maternal age had significant linear regression in 3 or 4 categories. However, the average age of women in this series was so young that the rather large differences observed in risk for successive gravidities cannot possibly be attributed to effects of maternal age. It was concluded that risk of spontaneous abortion significantly increase with gravidity and that maternal age, memory errors, and sampling bias related to recurrence risk do not affect this trend.
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PMID:Sequential analysis of spontaneous abortion. II. Collaborative study data show that gravidity determines a very substantial rise in risk. 43 60

A synthetic procedure for the preparation of imidazolidinediones by the base-catalyzed cyclization of propargylureas is described. This method appears to be the most versatile way of obtaining these compounds containing tertiary groups substituted on ring-nitrogen number 3. One of these derivatives, 3-tert-butyl-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione (1a), has shown a moderate level of subcutaneous metrazole seizure threshold activity (scMet indicates potential for control of petit mal epileptic seizures) in control screens on mice, as determined by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke.
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PMID:Synthesis of imidazolidinediones and oxazolidinediones from cyclization of propargylureas and propargyl carbamates. 45 26

Just as the ear trumpet once symbolized the elderly, so do contemporary approaches to hearing loss in the aged reflect many of the major themes in geriatrics and gerontology today. This paper begins by describing the National Institute on Aging (NIA) with particular emphasis on activities relevant to hearing in the elderly. Next, several areas of research interest, including the typology of presbycusis and related conditions, the epidemiology of auditory impairment in old age, the design of testing and research, and the rehabilitation of the hearing-impaired elderly, are addressed. The NIA and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) are coordinating their efforts to stimulate investigation of these and related topics.
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PMID:Hearing and age: research challenges and the National Institute on Aging. 49 99

The stroke patient who has lost the ability to communicate has lost more than the ability to talk. To one degree or another, he has lost the ability to understand his environment, the ability to structure his thought process internally in a logical and meaningful order, and the ability to formulate language in a logical and meaningful order. The ability to structure one's thoughts and ideas internally, as well as the ability to communicate them to others, are intrinsic factors in an individual's ability to motivate himself to establish a goal and to pursue the acquisition of that goal. Therefore, the successful physical rehabilitation of the stroke patient with a communication disorder rests heavily upon an understanding and a resolution of his communication problem.
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PMID:Rehabilitation of the communicatively impaired stroke patient. 65 48

Positron emission tomographic studies of cerebral glucose metabolism have shown high diagnostic specificity in distinguishing among the degenerative dementias and differentiating between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal aging. The current investigation was undertaken to characterize the regional glucose metabolic deficits in AD, using cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. All subjects met the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for AD (n = 45) or were normal (n = 20), and the AD subjects were subdivided into incipient and mild AD and moderate plus moderately severe subgroups based on the Global Deterioration Scale. The subjects underwent a non-contrast computed tomographic scan and a positron emission tomographic (PETT VI) scan. The AD subjects (n = 14) and normal control subjects (n = 15) received evaluations 2 to 3 years after baseline study. The brain regions that show glucose metabolic deficits cross-sectionally (temporal and parietal association areas, with lesser degrees of deficit in subcortical gray matter structures), over the stages of AD, also show further deficits longitudinally within the same AD subjects. The reduction in glucose metabolism is greater than would be expected from the degree of brain atrophy. The glucose metabolic deficits are discussed in the context of neuropathologic findings and neurotransmitter deficits in AD.
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PMID:Topography of cross-sectional and longitudinal glucose metabolic deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Pathophysiologic implications. 144 81

A new series of novel enaminones has been synthesized from cyclic beta-dicarbonyl precursors which were condensed with morpholine, pyrrolidine, phenethylamine, hydrazines, substituted benzyl amines, and substituted anilines. These compounds were subsequently evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in a variety of anticonvulsant models by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and in our laboratory. Several of these compounds exhibited potent anticonvulsant activity with a remarkable lack of neurotoxicity. The most active analog, methyl 4-[(p-chlorophenyl)amino]-6-methyl-2-oxo-cyclohex-3-en-1-oate++ + (27), was protective in the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure test in the rat with an oral ED50 of 5.8 mg/kg with no toxicity noted at doses up to 380 mg/kg, thus providing a protective index (TD50/ED50) of greater than 65.5. A similar protective index for 27 was noted upon intraperitoneal (ip) administration in mice. The anticonvulsant effect of 27 occurred within 15 min of administration and the compound remained active beyond 4 h. Compound 27 was also active in the rat corneal kindled model. The application of Free-Wilson analysis to structure-activity correlation in this series is discussed.
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PMID:Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of enaminones. 149 12

Accurate diagnosis of vascular dementia is important for the recognition of underlying pathophysiology and the institution of appropriate therapy. It is also important for the determination of the incidence and prevalence of not only vascular dementia but also Alzheimer's disease (AD), since differentiating between these two entities is often problematic. The State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) herein propose criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia (IVD). These criteria broaden the conceptualization of vascular dementia, include the results of neuroimaging studies, emphasize the importance of neuropathologic confirmation, refine nosology, and identify areas that require further research. Parallel use of the proposed definitions of "possible" and "mixed" categories in the diagnosis of both AD and IVD would ensure compatibility between the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) criteria for AD and the ADDTC criteria for IVD. Uniform classification of subtypes of IVD will improve the generalizability of individual studies and aid in multicenter collaborations.
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PMID:Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. 761 13

The Stroke Data Bank initiated by National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (USA) has been adapted and published here in a short form. The original questionnaire has been extended with data of patients' diets and neuropsychology. A suitable computer data basis derived from 1292 questions in 22 groups provides information about the risk factors, etiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, prognosis of stroke, and the easy to use follow up of patients.
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PMID:[The Budapest "stroke data bank" (goals, methods)]. 154 26

Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI) is a newly recognized epileptic syndrome. It is characterized by multiple febrile seizures, often prolonged, subsequent development of uncontrollable mixed-myoclonic seizures, and, eventually, psychomotor retardation. Drugs for myoclonic epilepsy--valproate (VPA), the suximides, and the benzodiazepines--have been shown to be useful in SMEI. Among children with seizures in the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), one individual with SMEI was identified. This finding from the NCPP suggests that the incidence of SMEI is approximately 1 in 40,000 children. Such an incidence is supported by observations at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.
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PMID:Epidemiology of severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. 169 45

The identification and management of neurological deficit are each essential for stroke rehabilitation. Management of the two most commonly encountered deficits, hemiplegia and communication disorder, is discussed. An eleven point Stroke Rehabilitation Outcome plan forms a good basis for discussion with relatives about what to expect.
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PMID:Concepts in stroke rehabilitation. 178 82


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