Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There has been a substantial decline in mortality in Australia during the 20th century, with a major improvement in life expectancy. There has been a broad "health transition", from a pattern of high mortality from infectious diseases to one of lower overall mortality from non-communicable diseases and injury. From 1951, trends in death rates from major causes were evident, with the rise and partial fall of two epidemics (coronary heart disease and stroke, and lung cancer). This overall picture masks significant inequalities in health for Indigenous people and the socioeconomically disadvantaged.
 ...
PMID:Death, disease and diversity in Australia, 1951 to 2000. 1121 86

Overweight and obesity represent a rapidly growing threat to the health of populations in an increasing number of countries. Indeed they are now so common that they are replacing more traditional problems such as undernutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant causes of ill-health. Obesity comorbidities include coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke, certain types of cancer, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, dyslipidaemia, osteoarthritis and gout, and pulmonary diseases, including sleep apnoea. In addition, the obese suffer from social bias, prejudice and discrimination, on the part not only of the general public but also of health professionals, and this may make them reluctant to seek medical assistance. WHO therefore convened a Consultation on obesity to review current epidemiological information, contributing factors and associated consequences, and this report presents its conclusions and recommendations. In particular, the Consultation considered the system for classifying overweight and obesity based on the body mass index, and concluded that a coherent system is now available and should be adopted internationally. The Consultation also concluded that the fundamental causes of the obesity epidemic are sedentary lifestyles and high-fat energy-dense diets, both resulting from the profound changes taking place in society and the behavioural patterns of communities as a consequence of increased urbanization and industrialization and the disappearance of traditional lifestyles. A reduction in fat intake to around 20-25% of energy is necessary to minimize energy imbalance and weight gain in sedentary individuals. While there is strong evidence that certain genes have an influence on body mass and body fat, most do not qualify as necessary genes, i.e. genes that cause obesity whenever two copies of the defective allele are present; it is likely to be many years before the results of genetic research can be applied to the problem. Methods for the treatment of obesity are described, including dietary management, physical activity and exercise, and antiobesity drugs, with gastrointestinal surgery being reserved for extreme cases.
 ...
PMID:Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. 1123 59

We studied the neurological comorbidity of parkinsonism in 368 consecutive patients from the Lausanne Movement Disorders Registry. Only 6 patients had no neurological comorbidity. We found that 23p.100 of our patients had ischemic strokes, especially large vessel strokes, i.e three times more than in an age-matched control study performed in a recent survey in our country, which is a new finding in contradiction with previous reports mentioning that Parkinson's disease may be a protective factor against stroke. This finding opens new directions for further studies concerning some shared mechanisms in both diseases associated with age. Predominantly tremulous parkinsonism (46p.100) and progressive supranuclear palsy patients (PSP) (40p.100) had the highest prevalence of cerebrovascular disease of all subgroups of parkinsonism, especially lacunar infarcts, which is in accord with a higher frequency of hypertension in these subgroups according to a recent study of ours. Transient ischemic attacks or hemorrhages were not more frequent than in the general population. We did not find a higher frequency of head trauma except for Parkinson's disease, but a trend for a higher frequency of headache and migraine. Brain tumors were more frequent in Parkinson's disease and hydrocephalus and radiculopathies in parkinsonism in general when compared to age-matched populations from the literature. Polyneuropathies were more frequently observed in familial parkinsonism only, but myopathies and cranial neuropathies were not more frequent in our patients. Epilepsy was significantly less frequent in parkinsonism, especially in Parkinson's disease, infectious diseases of the nervous system were rarely encountered, and restless legs syndrome was surprisingly not more frequent than in a normal population. Dementia was associated in 20p.100, but multiple sclerosis is noticeably absent.
 ...
PMID:[Neurological comorbidity in parkinsonism]. 1124 May 47

Despite the number of potential causes, most children with ischemic cerebrovascular disease are classified into a few major categories: 1) cardioembolic stroke; 2) moyamoya syndrome; 3) complication(s) connected with systemic disease, with a known risk of a cerebrovascular event; 4) cervicocephalic arterial dissection; and 5) transient cerebral arteriopathy of undefined origin (probable arteritis). The etiological diagnosis is rapidly established by complementary investigations based on the initial clinical and imaging findings: cardiac exploration, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography or echo-doppler of the cervical arteries if cervical dissection is suspected; intra-arterial catheter cerebral angiography and analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid to investigate an intracranial arteriopathy. The outcome and treatment depend on the type of stroke, on its accurate identification, and on prediction regarding the risk of recurrence. Although there is a constitutional predisposition to cerebrovascular accidents, environmental triggers such as trauma, infectious disease and cardiac surgery also play a major role.
 ...
PMID:[Specifics in pediatric arterial cerebral infarctions]. 1127 Feb 56

A major government-sponsored study of nerve growth factor for treating HIV-related neuropathy has recently been revived after it was canceled earlier this year by Genentech, Inc. of South San Francisco, which holds a patent for the use of the drug. Human nerve growth factor has been shown to be the most promising therapy for treating HIV-related neuropathy, the most common neurological complication in AIDS. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke have, for three years, been developing a study of 180 randomly assigned volunteers to receive low-dose nerve growth factor, high-dose nerve growth factor, or placebo. However, in January 1995, Genentech informed the government that it would not provide the drug--although almost all of the financial cost of the study was to be paid for by the ACTG. After major protests by experts and community organizations, Genentech reinstated its earlier agreement to provide the drug for the ACTG study. The trial, known as ACTG 291, is expected to go forward.
 ...
PMID:Nerve growth factor: major trial canceled, revived after protest. 1136 4

Protein structural information plays a key role in understanding biological structure-function relationships and in the development of new pharmaceuticals for both chronic and infectious diseases. The Center for Macromolecular Crystallography (CMC) has devoted considerable effort studying the fundamental processes involved in macromolecular crystal growth both in a 1-g and microgravity environment. Results from experiments performed on more than 35 U.S. space shuttle flights have clearly indicated that microgravity can provide a beneficial environment for macromolecular crystal growth. This research has led to the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals that are currently in preclinical or clinical trials for diseases such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, influenza, stroke and other cardiovascular complications. The International Space Station (ISS) provides an opportunity to have complete crystallographic capability on orbit, which was previously not possible with the space shuttle orbiter. As envisioned, the x-ray Crystallography Facility (XCF) will be a complete facility for growing protein crystals; selecting, harvesting, and mounting sample crystals for x-ray diffraction; cryo-freezing mounted crystals if necessary; performing x-ray diffraction studies; and downlinking the data for use by crystallographers on the ground. Other advantages of such a facility include crystal characterization so that iterations in the crystal growth conditions can be made, thereby optimizing the final crystals produced in a three month interval on the ISS.
 ...
PMID:Protein crystal growth and the International Space Station. 1154 81

Taiwan's population has undergone rapid growth. From 3000000 in 1906. It had grown to 6000000 by 1941. By the end of 1996 the total population has reached 21500000. This large population is served by over 120000 health professionals. For every 10000 people there are 12.91 doctors (including 11.52 Western medical doctors and 1.39 Chinese medical doctors), 3.37 dentists and 9.36 pharmacists. There has been a huge change in causes of mortality. Under the Japanese occupation, the main causes of death were malaria, pneumonia, dysentery, enteritis, and pulmonary tuberculosis. After the return to Chinese control, the main causes were acute contagious diseases and digestive tract disease. At present, malignant tumors, cerebrovascular accident, heart disease, and diabetes are the main causes of death. With the development of the health-care system, infectious diseases have been controlled or eliminated. Malaria was eradicated from the island in 1956.
 ...
PMID:Modern medicine in Taiwan (II). 1162 Apr 86

Aspiration of oro-pharyngeal secretions and gastric content is the most frequent cause of formation of primary lung abscess. A compromised mental status (e.g. alcoholism, sedatives, stroke) and esophageal dysfunction (e.g. herniation, vomiting) are important risk factors. Aspiration pneumonia presents as a subacute disease and is usually not distinguishable from other causes of pneumonia, until typical radiological signs of cavitation and putrid sputum appear 8 to 14 days after the initial event of aspiration. Anaerobic bacteria play a pivotal role in an almost exclusively mixed spectrum of causative organisms. Aerobic pathogens are also frequently isolated, but whether they are an active part of infection or merely represent colonizers remains unclear in many instances. Differential diagnosis includes bronchial neoplasms, either as necrotizing carcinoma or as the cause of poststenotic cavernous pneumonia, other infectious diseases like tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or endocarditis with septic metastases, and lung artery embolism or vasculitis (M. Wegener). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is extremely helpful in determining cause and etiology of the disease and should be carried out in all patients presenting with cavernous lung lesions. Bacteriological sampling should be performed using protected specimen brushing (PSB) technique. Broncho-alveolar lavage might serve as a less expensive but also less sensitive alternative measure. Since anaerobic bacteria resemble ubiquitous commensals of the oral cavity, sputum is of no use in anaerobic culture. Principal therapeutic strategy is antibiotic therapy for an extended period, usually four weeks to four months, unless radiologic changes and as well laboratory as clinical indicators of infection are completely resolved. Clindamycin, optionally supplemented with a second or third generation cephalosporin and Ampicillin/Sulbactam proved equally effective in treating aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess. The role of Moxifloxacin and other new flouroquinolones with their favorable pharmacodynamics is currently evaluated. Provided that antibiotics are prescribed for a sufficient period of time and patients' compliance is ensured, surgical procedures are limited to a negligible number of complications, e.g. recurrent severe hemoptysis, empyema or broncho-pleural fistula.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of abscess forming pneumonia]. 1169 90

The past 125 years of public health in the United States are viewed from the perspective of the most significant public health areas of the 20th century as developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The long-term impacts and development of the areas include: immunizations, healthier mothers and babies, family planning, safer and healthier foods, fluoridation of drinking water, control of infectious diseases, decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke, recognition of tobacco as a health hazard, motor vehicle safety, and safer workplaces. The current and future of public health in the US is encapsulated in several developing areas, including: personal lifestyle modifications, politicalization of health, evolving knowledge base, knowledge transfer and globalization.
 ...
PMID:125 years of public health in the USA. 1181 Oct 98

Recent evidence suggests that common chronic infections may contribute to the initiation and/or progression of atherosclerosis. Infection of the vascular wall with Chlamydia pneumoniae, a gramnegative bacterium, has been linked with coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke in epidemiological studies and in pathological studies using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In addition striking evidence for an active role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherogenesis has been provided in animal models and from preliminary data of intervention trials. Although these observations strongly indicate an involvement of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a causal relationship has not been established yet. In the last years several interesting papers have dealt with the molecular mechanisms how an infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae affects the vascular wall to initiate or facilitate vascular dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:[Chlamydia pneumoniae--chronic infection and atherosclerosis]. 1182 Jan 75


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>