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Query: UMLS:C0038454 (stroke)
 147,016 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with lateralized stroke (N = 36) or tumor (N = 14) were compared in the frequency of errors on specific test items of the Aphasia Screening Test (Reitan, 1984). Right- and left-hemisphere damaged patients showed a statistically significant difference on only 1 of the 33 items of this measure. When items were categorized according to task type (e.g., spelling, reading, calculation, etc.) only 1 of 9 comparisons was significant. Several possible explanations for the lack of differences are discussed and suggestions offered for potential modifications to this measure.
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PMID:Aphasia Screening Test performance in patients with lateralized brain damage. 243 59

In this article we present a case report of a patient, who had a peculiar pattern of language use following a stroke. The two most prominent features were language switches during spontaneous speech in the first months postonset, when the patient mixed English, German, and French words and utterances into his mother tongue (Dutch); clearly disturbed speech output, showing signs of word-finding problems and paragrammatism but hardly any paraphasias, while at the same time no evidence of a language disturbance could be obtained with standard clinical aphasia tests.
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PMID:Paragrammatic speech without a comprehension deficit? A case report. 243 96

Two hundred and twenty three right-handed patients consecutively admitted to the wards in a 21-month period for a left-sided cerebrovascular disease were examined 15 to 30 days after the stroke for the presence of aphasia. Twenty-seven of them could not be assessed. Of the remaining 196, 108 (55.1%) were aphasic. The incidence of global aphasia (43%) in the latter group was higher than in previous studies. Based on CT-scan data it was associated in 32% of patients with a deep lesion and only in 53% with an antero-posterior cortical-subcortical lesion, contrary to what is traditionally assumed. There was no sex difference in the incidence and distribution of aphasia.
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PMID:The incidence of aphasia and global aphasia in left brain-damaged patients. 244 Jun 40

This is a prospective study of recovery of aphasia in 19 stroke patients selected from 117 consecutive hospital admissions by virtue of having significant aphasia and surviving 13 weeks. Aphasia was measured using the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (FAST) at frequent intervals from early after stroke. A wide variation in speed and extent of recovery was seen, particularly when compared with mean scores. Patients who made the most recovery had started to improve by 40 days post-stroke. An aphasic patient's FAST score at 13 weeks post-stroke could be predicted from his first score (within 2 weeks).
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PMID:Aphasia after stroke: a detailed study of recovery in the first 3 months. 244 Aug 24

Two-hundred consecutive CT scans of patients with an infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were examined for evaluation of a possible relationship between age and stroke location. Two distinct procedures, one evaluating the incidence of four areas within the MCA territory and the other measuring some quantified parameters, were used. Statistical studies failed to show any significant correlation between these parameters and the age of patients. These results lead to refute previous claims that semiological changes in aphasia type with age in stroke patients may be due to a posterior shift of cerebral infarcts with age.
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PMID:Age-related changes in aphasia type and stroke location. 244 95

The modern concept of rehabilitation of patients with stroke is based on new neurophysiological investigations about processes of movements, learning and memory. Therefore the rehabilitation is multidimensional. The complete patterns of symptoms must be considered. The training of cognitive functions has the same importance as the treatment of disorders of movements. The effects of this concept are investigated in 295 patients in accordance with self-activities and ability of walking. The results have been compared with 101 patients without consideration of all gnostic defects. The results of the modern rehabilitation concept were better. Patients with aphasia having similar good results but patients with diminished ability to cooperation having unfavourable prognosis of rehabilitation.
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PMID:[Rehabilitation in cerebrovascular stroke--experiences and results of a treatment concept based on modern neurophysiology knowledge]. 244 64

Etiology, neuropsychological deficits, aphasia type, and recovery were retrospectively studied in 254 young adults with stroke. Cardiac embolism was the most common cause of stroke in patients younger than 40, while atherosclerosis was the most frequent etiology among those aged 41-50 years. In 166 aphasic patients, Broca's aphasia was the most common while Wernicke's and transcortical aphasias were rare. Compared with an older aphasic population, young patients had significantly more nonfluent aphasias and fewer comprehension deficits. These differences were related to stroke localization: the majority of infarcts localized by computed tomography in 37 patients involved either the entire middle cerebral artery territory or its superior or deep branches, explaining the preponderance of nonfluent aphasia. Prognosis of aphasia in our patients was better than has been reported for non-age-selected aphasia populations. Roughly one third of our patients recovered completely, one third improved, and one third had an unresolved language deficit. Complete recovery and significant improvement were observed even greater than 6 months after stroke. In some patients, recovery was much better than might have been predicted from lesion site and size depicted on computed tomograms.
Stroke 1988 Aug
PMID:Young adult stroke: neuropsychological dysfunction and recovery. 245 33

Patients with aphasia due to left hemisphere stroke and patients with Alzheimer's disease, who were matched for severity of naming impairment, were compared on tests of lexical-semantic processing. The results suggest that the lexical-semantic impairments in both groups are due to a combination of impaired access to, and loss of, lexical-semantic information, but that impaired access is more prominent in stroke patients, whereas Alzheimer's disease patients suffer a greater loss of information. The results are discussed in terms of a brain model of the storage and processing of lexical-semantic information, and with respect to implications for treatment strategies.
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PMID:A comparison of lexical-semantic impairments in left hemisphere stroke and Alzheimer's disease. 245 18

This report bears on the behavior of 188 unilateral stroke subjects when administered an aphasia screening test comprising a short interview as well as naming, repetition, word-picture matching and sentence-picture matching tasks. All subjects were unilingual lusophone adult (40 yr of age or older) right-handers. Furthermore, they were either totally unschooled illiterates or they had received school education and thereafter retained writing skills and reading habits. Subjects were tested less than 2 months after a first unilateral stroke. In all tasks, global error scores were greater among left and right brain-damaged illiterate and literate subjects than among their controls. In repetition and matching, these differences were statistically significant for the left but not for the right-stroke groups, irrespective of the literacy factor. In naming, on the other hand, significant differences were found not only for the two left-stroke groups but also for the right-stroke illiterate group although not for the right-stroke literate one. Likewise, some degree of word-finding difficulty and of reduction in speech output as well as sizeable production of phonemic paraphasias were observed in the interviews of several right-stroke illiterates, clearly less in those of right-stroke literates. These findings lead us to suggest that cerebral representation of language is more ambilateral in illiterates than it is in school educated subjects although left cerebral "dominance" remains the rule in both.
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PMID:Illiteracy and brain damage. 3: A contribution to the study of speech and language disorders in illiterates with unilateral brain damage (initial testing). 245 80

In 28 patients with aphasia after stroke speech ability was studied twice at intervals of 1-4 years. A comparison of the initial results with those after follow-up showed that the process of return of speech ability (especially in case of motor aphasia) is not limited to the early post-stroke period of several weeks to several months, but takes a much longer time. This justifies logopedic treatment of aphatic patients (also in sanatorium) even many months after stroke.
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PMID:[Catamnestic studies of patients with aphasia after stroke]. 245 79


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