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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system is a common problem in pediatric ophthalmology. We describe a simple office test which allows the patency of the lacrimal drainage system to be visualized.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Nasal-oropharyngoscopy: a simple test to evaluate lacrimal duct function in children. 345 74

To the differential diagnosis of epiphora in children we propose to add paroxysmal lacrimal hypersecretion. While certainly not a new entity, it should be considered in a child who is tearing intermittently without mattering or evidence of infection. Recognition of this problem may prevent anesthetic morbidity or unnecessary instrumentation of the nasolacrimal apparatus.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Lacrimal hypersecretion in children. 366 69

A 6-month-old girl underwent surgical excision of an epibulbar mass which had the clinical appearance of a dermolipoma. Intraoperatively, a separate underlying mass was uncovered which was firmly adherent to the sclera. Histopathologic examination confirmed the superficial lesion to be a typical dermolipoma, and the underlying lesion to be an epibulbar osseous choristoma with associated adherent ectopic lacrimal gland tissue. The clinical features, management, and histopathology of this new association are reviewed.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Epibulbar osseous choristoma and ectopic lacrimal gland underlying a dermolipoma. 368 14

We report on 2 boys, the sons of sisters, and their mother's brother who have a new, X-linked multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome. The propositus was a 16-month-old caucasian male with 1) mental retardation, 2) congenital microcephaly, 3) postnatal growth deficiency, 4) ridged metopic suture with narrow bifrontal diameter, 5) upslanted palpebral fissures with persistent epicanthal folds, strabismus, and lacrimal duct obstruction, 6) narrow palate, 7) macrodontia, 8) anteverted ears, 9) atrial septal defect, 10) dry brittle scalp hair and 11) cutis marmorata. His chromosomes were normal. His cousin and uncle were similarly affected. This distinctive MCA/MR syndrome is added to the list of X-linked malformation syndromes known at the present time.
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PMID:A new X-linked multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome. 671 4

We describe a new autosomal dominant dysplasia-malformation syndrome from eight affected individuals in three generations of a Venezuelan family. It is characterized by congenital symmetrical upper lid and nasopalpebral lipomas, bilateral symmetrical upper and lower palpebral colobomas located at the junction of the inner and middle thirds of the lids, telecanthus, and maxillary hypoplasia. Affected individuals have a broad forehead, window's peak, abnormal pattern of eyebrows and eyelashes, and maldevelopment of the lacrimal punctae. Interorbital distance is normal, but interpupillary distance is increased due to divergent strabismus originating from visual interference from inner canthal masses. Persistent epiphora, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal (and less frequently lens) opacities are a secondary consequence of the defect of the lacrimal punctae and the inability to close the lids completely. The syndrome has complete penetrance and a rather narrow range of expressivity. The primary defect could involve a dysplasia of adipose tissue leading to nasopalpebral and upper lid lipomas during embryogenesis, with the rest of the malformations being secondary to interference of morphogenesis of the mid-upperface developmental field from the lipomatous hamartomas. Alternatively, a central rather than a peripheral mechanism of malformation might be considered, such as defective migration of neural crest cells.
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PMID:The nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome: a new autosomal dominant dysplasia-malformation syndrome with congenital nasopalpebral lipomas, eyelid colobomas, telecanthus, and maxillary hypoplasia. 709 Nov 84

A case of acute suppurative dacryoadenitis caused by a cysticercus cellulosa in a male of 20 years is reported. The diagnosis was established by histopathologic examination of the cyst that escaped along with pus during drainage of the abscess. The abscess in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland resulted from acute inflammation produced by the presence of an intact larva. There was no other focus of cysticercosis in the same eye, in the other eye, or anywhere else in the body. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and there were no sequelae. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of acute dacryoadenitis caused by a cysticercus cellulosa. As cysticercosis is still prevalent in the underdeveloped countries, it is to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of ocular and adnexal lesions in patients coming from these areas of the world.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Acute suppurative dacryoadenitis caused by a cysticercus cellulosa. 709 60

A case of fibroma arising from the anterolateral wall of a healthy lacrimal sac on the left side in a 22-year-old male is reported. There was no epiphora. The tumor presented as a painless, nonreducible swelling in the lacrimal sac region. It was excised off leaving a patent sac. The diagnosis could be established only on histopathologic examination. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and there was no postoperative epiphora.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Fibroma of the lacrimal sac. 720 26

The development of the nasolacrimal apparatus was reassessed based on the examination of serial sections done in 27 (54 orbits) embryos and fetuses ranging in size from 13.6 mm to term. In addition two adult specimens were examined. The entire nasolacrimal apparatus viz. canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct develop contemporaneously. Canalization thereafter occurs throughout its length at the same time. The epithelium which lines the nasolacrimal apparatus abuts against the conjunctival epithelium superiorly in relationship to the puncta and the nasal mucosa at the opening of the nasolacrimal duct. These gossamer-like membranes perforate at term or soon thereafter. With the development of the face, the maxillary process grows medially to abut against, and then to override, the paraxial mesoderm of the nasolacrimal process. The nasooptic fissure is thus formed between these two mesodermal complexes. The surface ectoderm within the fissure thickens in a cord-like fashion and this is the analaga of the nasolacrimal apparatus. There is divergence of opinion as to the subsequent development of tear drainage system. A cord of epithelial cells forms from the nasal cavity and grows cephalad to become continuous with the main cord of buried surface ectoderm (Figure 1). It has been contended by Duke-Elder that the main epithelial cord then sends extensions laterally to form the superior and the inferior canaliculi. The inferior canaliculus extends more laterally than the superior canaliculus. At 3 months' development, canalization of the nasolacrimal apparatus is purported to occur in a segmental manner. These cavities then coalesce in a haphazard manner, finally forming a continuous tube. It is also suggested that the main core of buried epithelium canalizes from cephal caudalwards and that the epithelium arising from the nasal cavity canalizes in a reverse direction. The lacrimal sac then expands: the canaliculi canalize and the final section of the nasolacrimal duct to become patent is the opening into the inferior meatus of the nose below the inferior meatus of the nose below the inferior turbinate.U
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Development and congenital abnormalities of the nasolacrimal apparatus. 729 6

Fourteen patients with tuberculosis of the orbit and lacrimal gland seen over a period of 20 years have been presented. The majority of them were between the ages of 4 to 15 years. Males were affected twice as frequently as females. Left side was affected four times as frequently as the right side. There were eight patients of periostitis of orbital margin, one patient of dacryoadenitis, three patients of tuberculoma of orbital tissues, and two patients of tuberculoma of maxillary sinus. One patient with periostitis had involvement of the greater and lesser wings of sphenoid in addition to the involvement of upper-outer orbital margin. Two periostitis patients had prolapse of the palpebral portion of the lacrimal gland. The clinical presentation and gross appearance of the tuberculoma of the lacrimal gland was similar to those found in benign mixed tumor. The patients with tuberculoma of orbital tissues presented as pseudotumors. The mimicry of tuberculoma of maxillary sinus to carcinoma has been mentioned. Associated tuberculous lesions were pulmonary in eight patients, cervical lymphadenitis in ten patients, intestinal in one patient, and caries spine in one patient. In two patients the disease developed in the absence of any other tuberculous lesion discovered in the body. The cases were cured by wide surgical removal of all the diseased tissues combined with antituberculous chemotherapy.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Tuberculosis of the orbit and lacrimal gland: a clinical study of 14 cases. 741 35

Premature dislocation, a potential disadvantage of conventional, unilateral silicone intubation for lacrimal disease, can be alleviated with a firmly-tied, bilateral, superior canaliculus intubation. Since the looped silicone stent can be removed easily at home by parents, this technique is particularly beneficial for remote patients for whom postoperative, clinic removal is a financial burden.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Bilateral monocanalicular silicone loop: predictable home removal of nasolacrimal stents. 763 5


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