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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An animal experiment was done to evaluate the efficacy of tissue coating with sodium hyaluronic acid and subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetate in reducing the severity of postoperative adhesions following strabismus surgery. Experimental animals underwent a mild traumatic surgical procedure in one superior rectus muscle and a severe traumatic surgical procedure in the other superior rectus muscle. Each group was divided into control group, sodium hyaluronate coating group and triamcinolone acetonide injection group. Grading the severity of adhesions through surgical exploration of operative sites and histological comparison after 4 weeks revealed a significant reduction of postoperative adhesions in sodium hyaluronate group compared with control group under conditions of severe surgical trauma. But triamcinolone groups have no significant differences compared with control groups by statistical analysis. Tissue protection afforded by sodium hyaluronate may lead to an effective method which minimizes the surgical trauma to the tissues and reduces the postsurgical adhesions following strabismus surgery.
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PMID:Reduction of postoperative adhesions in strabismus surgery. 130 50

The efficacy of tissue coating with sodium hyaluronate solution or oxidized regenerated cellulose (Interceed) sleeves in reducing the occurrence and severity of postoperative adhesions following strabismus surgery was tested in rabbits in vivo and compared with the efficacy in this regard of treatment with balanced salt solution. The use of Interceed sleeves significantly increased formation of postoperative adhesions, but coating with sodium hyaluronate solution prior to and during surgery significantly reduced such formation.
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PMID:Reduction of postoperative adhesions secondary to strabismus surgery in rabbits. 154 89

A modification of the classical goniotomy technique is described. After complete evacuation of the anterior and posterior chambers, sodium hyaluronate is placed in the anterior chamber and on the cornea. Putting hyaluronate in both locations prevents the formation of air bubbles under the goniotomy lens, provides the same index of refraction on both sides of the cornea, prevents accidental loss of the anterior chamber, and allows maximal depth of the anterior chamber. Diminished intraocular bleeding and lower risk of injury to the corneal endothelium, iris, and lens may be additional advantages of the procedure. Two cases are presented in which five goniotomies were performed on four eyes using this technique. Both patients had one eye controlled with a single goniotomy. The fellow eye of each patient required multiple procedures. Glaucoma was controlled successfully with no medication in all four eyes. No significant complications occurred.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Goniotomy with sodium hyaluronate. 334 36

Strabismus surgery sometimes fails because of the mechanical restriction caused by the development of fibrous adhesions between the operated muscle and the surrounding tissues. Reoperation increases the frequency and severity of mechanical restriction significantly because of additional scar formation. Attempts to isolate the muscle from other tissues using gelatin sponges or Supramid plastic sleeves have been unsuccessful because of the body's reaction to these permanent foreign bodies. We used an ultra-pure fraction of sodium hyaluronate to study whether this nonantigenic, noninflammatory, viscoelastic substance could function as a temporary sleeve to prevent or reduce scarring and mechanical restriction following strabismus surgery. We resected the superior rectus muscle of 14 eyes from seven 5- to 7-pound white rabbits. In one eye, we instilled sodium hyaluronate 1% around the muscle. The other eye served as a control. The rabbits were killed at five, seven, ten, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days. Ante mortem length-tension measurements and post mortem histologic examinations of the operated muscles were performed in a blinded fashion. The results suggested, but did not definitely demonstrate, that sodium hyaluronate may reduce postoperative adhesions.
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PMID:The use of sodium hyaluronate as a biologic sleeve in strabismus surgery. 363 37

We evaluated seven children who had been exposed to sodium valproate (or valproic acid) in utero. A consistent facial phenotype was observed in all seven in addition to other birth defects in four. The facial changes consisted of epicanthal folds which continued inferiorly and laterally to form a crease or groove just under the orbit, flat nasal bridge, small upturned nose, long upper lip with a relatively shallow philtrum, a thin upper vermillion border, and downturned angles of the mouth. Hypospadias, strabismus, and psychomotor delay were found in two males; two children had nystagmus and two had low birth weight.
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PMID:The fetal valproate syndrome. 643 41

Malignant hyperthermia, a relatively recently described entity, is a little-understood disease process usually manifesting as operative or postoperative hyperpyrexia in association with a hypermetabolic state. Specific therapy with procaine (Novocaine) and more recently with a muscle relaxant, dantrolene sodium (Dantrium), has shown itself to be life-saving, and currently diagnosis can be made by muscle biopsy in patients from affected pedigrees. Malignant hyperthermia is a risk in all general anesthetic procedures, particularly squint and ptosis repair, and may even be a consideration with local anesthesia.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. Considerations for the ophthalmologist. 724 23

Malignant hyperthermia is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable expressivity that is caused by a membrane defect in the sarcolemma of myofibrils. A patient with strabismus (esotropia) had tachycardia and masseter muscle rigidity on exposure to succinylcholine chloride and halothane, but because of rapid recognition of the condition and discontinuation of the procedure, the potentially lethal complications of malignant hyperthermia did not develop. A serum creatine phosphokinase level showed a substantial increase above normal. Two weeks later, the patient underwent successful correction of the strabismus under general anesthesia, using morphine sulfate and thiopental sodium without complication. This condition is of interest to ophthalmologists because it occurs with increasing frequency in patients with strabismus and ptosis, and it may be triggered by certain local anesthetic agents often used by ophthalmologists.
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PMID:Suspected malignant hyperthermia in a strabismus patient. A case report. 725 98

Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disease involving uninhibited flow of calcium ion into the muscle substance. This leads to a combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis and the liberation of heat. If not immediately controlled, cellular death results. We treated a 4-year-old girl who suffered a malignant hyperthermia crisis during strabismus surgery. Hyperventilation with 100% oxygen and intravenously administered dantrolene sodium, furosemide, and fluids controlled the attack and the child recovered completely.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia syndrome. 729 8

The efficacy of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium hyaluronate as adjuncts during adjustable strabismus surgery was evaluated experimentally. Fifteen randomized NZA rabbits underwent a bilateral 4-mm recession of the superior rectus followed by a 0.05 mL injection of submuscular hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2% (HPMC) in one eye and sodium hyaluronate 1% (Healon) in the other eye. Five additional rabbits (10 eyes), used as controls, underwent the same procedure, but no viscoelastic was injected after surgery. The force needed to move the muscle 4 mm toward its original insertion was measured immediately and 24 hours after the operation, using a force gauge. The force needed to adjust the muscles increased 326.0%, 98%, and 124.7%, respectively in the control, Healon and HPMC groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two viscoelastic substances. Histologic evaluation of the operation sites disclosed similar inflammation in both controls and viscoelastic groups (p = .5960).
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium hyaluronate in adjustable strabismus surgery. 749 61

A solution containing S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide (NO.-releasing compound, was microinjected in doses of 0.25-2 mumol into a lateral ventricle of conscious rats. SNAP produced dose-dependent convulsions similar to those associated with limbic stimulation, such as tonic extension of the hindlimbs and tail, and dystonia of the forepaws. At 2 mumol, SNAP evoked hyperventilation (arterial hypocapnia), arterial hyperglycemia and caused necrotic lesions of periventricular gray (e.g. lateral septal nucleus) and white matter structures. In the caudate nucleus and lateral septal nucleus ipsilateral to injection, SNAP elicited a bipolar metabolic pattern of low glucose metabolism proximal to the ventricle with higher values occurring more distally. In control studies, we proved that the residue of SNAP decomposition, N-acetylpenicillamine disulfide injected intraventricularly (2 mumol), was without physiological, behavioral, or histological effects. Ventricular pretreatment with methylene blue (2 nmol), a putative inhibitor of guanylate cyclase and superoxide generator, suppressed several of the behavioral manifestations of 1 mumol SNAP, such as the forepaw dystonia, squinting, and facial clonus, but was ineffective on the physiological and histological variables affected by the 2 mumol SNAP dose. Another NO. donor, sodium nitroprusside (2 mumol), produced fewer behavioral and cytotoxic effects over a 55-min observation period, but caused more intense and widely distributed metabolic stimulation, especially in commissural and projection white matter tracts. The results are the basis for a conscious rat model using intraventricular injection of nitrocompounds to examine the physiological, behavioral, metabolic and cytotoxic properties of NO. in the brain.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity in conscious rats following intraventricular SNAP, a nitric oxide donor. 796 12


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