Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Employees of transport with specific transport functions underlie a special care by the occupational physician. If vision is impaired, an ophthalmological examination is required, so in unilateral anophthalmia, stronger error of refraction, strabismus, impairment of light perception or other special eye diseases. Dependent on activity and state of health critical parameters are controlled and further conditions are exactly established. Specialized medical care and health control carried out by central health institutions of tractive unit drivers in shift work suffering from glaucoma or wearing contact lenses, of car drivers with ancylosing spondylitis and unilateral anophthalmic wearer of contact lenses, in all operations specific for transport if intraocular lenses as well as for work in areas with malaria risk and cloroquine prophylaxis ensues.
Z Gesamte Hyg 1989 Sep
PMID:[Occupational medicine outpatient management of borderline ophthalmologic fitness at work sites involving traffic]. 258 13

A 36 years-old man was admitted in September 1987. For 5 years he suffered from 4 recurrent episodes of throbbing headache, tinnitus, nausea, diplopia and divergent strabismus to which a facial palsy was recently added. In all episodes, the symptoms disappeared spontaneously and completely. A neuro-ophthalmological examination at admission disclosed an exotropia of the right eye, gaze paralysis to the left, paralysis of adduction of the left eye and preserved right eye abduction which triggered a rhythmic horizontal nystagmus. The upward and downward gazes and the convergence were well preserved. Moreover, there was a left peripheral facial palsy, and Babinski sign at the right side. Auditory evoked potentials were slowed at the mesencephalopontine transition. CT scan showed a low-density area with no contrast enhancement at the left pontine tegmentum and a left anterolateral atrophy of the pons. CSF examination showed increase in protein content and increase in the IgG content. Additional investigation included a dopplerometry of the cervical arteries, a panangiography and a bidimensional echocardiography which were normal. Diagnosis of one-and-a-half syndrome was made, possibly secondary to multiple sclerosis, and immunossuppressive therapy was initiated.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1989 Sep
PMID:[One-and-a-half syndrome: anatomo-clinical considerations apropos of a case]. 261 17

In six 3-week-old kittens, the tendon of the lateral rectus muscle of one eye was sectioned under anaesthesia in order to induce an esotropic (nasally-directed) squint. At maturity, the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern visual evoked response (PVER) were recorded under anaesthesia to phase-reversal at 1.67 Hz of a 0.5c/deg square wave grating pattern of 75% contrast. Refraction was determined by retinoscopy and confirmed by recording the PERG for different trial lenses. The amplitude and time-to-peak of the PERG and PVER were compared between operated and unoperated eyes, and with the responses of one normal and two sham-operated cats. With stimulation of the operated eye, the amplitude of the PVER was consistently reduced by 50% compared with the non-operated eye, confirming that the cats had become amblyopic as a result of the squint. While the appreciable inter-eye variations in the amplitude of the PERG of the normal and sham-operated cats precluded identification of a change in the esotropic cats, there was a consistent prolongation of the time-to-peak of the PERG by 50% with stimulation of the operated eye. This result is consistent with a retinal component to strabismic amblyopia.
Doc Ophthalmol 1989 Sep
PMID:Abnormality of the pattern electroretinogram and pattern visual evoked cortical response in esotropic cats. 263 Feb 41

We tested the state of retinal correspondence at different positions in the visual field of ten observers with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia, four strabismic subjects with alternating fixation and three normal controls. Correspondence was evaluated by the subjective displacement of dichoptic stimuli; to estimate the displacement, we used red-green filters, Bagolini striated glasses, polarizing filters and a phase-difference haploscope. Strabismic observers (amblyopes and alternators) frequently showed variations in the angle of anomaly (ie, the amount of shift of space coordinates in the squinting eye) between different regions of the visual field. Correspondence tended to be closer to normal in the central field and more anomalous in the periphery. These findings cannot be explained by the progressive loss of localization sensitivity with increasing eccentricity. We suggest that the different patterns of retinal correspondence in the central and peripheral visual field of some strabismic observers might be due to a mechanism of selective stabilization of binocular connections in the peripheral visual field, where the larger corresponding areas overcome a limited misalignment of the eyes. In the central visual field, normal correspondence is preserved, and diplopia has to be prevented by interocular suppression.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1989 Sep
PMID:Different patterns of retinal correspondence in the central and peripheral visual field of strabismics. 277 20

Strabismic amblyopia is associated with a distorted perception of visual space. The aim of our study was to investigate the monocular space perception of strabismic observers at several locations in the central and peripheral visual field. We tested nine observers with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia, two strabismic subjects with alternating fixation and two normal control subjects. The task was to align a light stimulus with two vertically arranged reference marks. Testing conditions included three separations of the references along the vertical meridian (10 degrees, 20 degrees and 40 degrees) as well as several presentation sites of the vertical references in the nasal and temporal peripheral visual field (5 degrees, 10 degrees and 20 degrees from fixation). Performance with the amblyopic eye was clearly impaired as compared to the nonamblyopic eye. For alignment along the vertical meridian, all amblyopic eyes showed increased uncertainty in their position judgements. Most of the squinting eyes of amblyopes also displayed a systematic lateral displacement of the test stimulus in relation to the reference marks, in the most extreme case up to almost 7 degrees. Usually, larger errors were found with wider separations of the reference marks. In the peripheral field, the differences between the amblyopic and the nonamblyopic eye diminished or disappeared. Thus, monocular geometry appears to be selectively impaired in the central visual field of the deviated eye of strabismic amblyopes. These spatial distortions might be related to the different states of binocular correspondence in the central vs. peripheral visual field, shown by some strabismic amblyopes.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1989 Sep
PMID:Monocular geometry is selectively distorted in the central visual field of strabismic amblyopes. 277 21

BTX injection has been used for 11 years by 292 ophthalmologists in 8,854 patients aged three months to 90 years in a variety of eye muscle and eyelid disorders. No systemic toxic reaction has occurred, local complications are few, and visual loss has not occurred in any case. In blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm BTX appears to fill an important need, since no other drug is reliably effective and since surgical interventions have substantial side effects. Strabismus cases with active uveitis, hypotony, previous detachment surgery, active thyroid eye disease, and recent paralytic strabismus are often poor candidates for surgical intervention. Some patients in each of these categories were treated effectively and safely by BTX injection. Surgery is clearly the preferred treatment modality in large angle deviations, in chronic paralytic strabismus, in cases where diplopia for a month or two from injection would incapacitate the patient, in nystagmus, in oblique muscle disorders and A-V patterns, where muscles have been misplaced and where restrictions to alignment have been created by disease or prior surgery. Side by side comparisons of surgery and injection in congenital esotropia and in concomitant strabismus of 50 PD or less should result in further clarification of treatment choices as to effectiveness, side effects and cost. BTX is presently available only to clinical investigators using the drug under research protocols.
Ophthalmology 1989 Sep
PMID:Botulinum toxin therapy of eye muscle disorders. Safety and effectiveness. American Academy of Ophthalmology. 277 91

The vascularization of the anterior section of the bulb depends partially on the anterior ciliary vessels. Circulatory disorders of the anterior uvea have been detected following conventional squint surgery in which several of these vessels were severed, even though there were no clinically detectable symptoms. It therefore makes good sense to spare the muscular and anterior ciliary vessels as far as possible, in order to preserve the muscles themselves and the anterior section of the bulb (a) by careful surgery and (b) by adopting surgical procedures in which the vessels are not sacrificed. In the final analysis, complete preservation of the vessels can only be achieved using the operating microscope.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1989 Sep
PMID:[Blood vessel preservation in squint surgery]. 281 Nov 78

The effects of some cholinergic agents and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on neurally mediated contractions of in vitro cat ciliary muscle preparations were studied. The contractile response to trains of stimuli was enhanced by eserine and completely blocked by tetrodotoxin or atropine. Low concentrations of carbachol did not modify muscle resting tension but clearly attenuated contractile response to electrical stimuli, while higher concentrations increased the resting tonus leading to contracture which did not respond to further stimulation. 4-AP is known to be a potassium-channel blocking drug that increases neurotransmitter release at nerve terminals during the action potential. This substance exhibited a dose-related potentiation of the evoked ciliary muscle contractions without changing resting tension. The eventual reducing effect of 4-AP on the accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio (AC/A) is discussed in relation to its potential clinical application in certain strabismus patients.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985 Sep
PMID:Effects of cholinergic drugs and 4-aminopyridine on cat ciliary muscle contractility. 299 93

We examined nine patients with amniotic band syndrome who had systemic and ocular pathologic deformities. The most common ocular malformations were congenital corneal leukomas or acquired corneal opacities secondary to exposure and eyelid colobomas. The eyelid defects appeared to be extensions of facial clefts in these patients and were often located adjacent to the corneal opacities. Other anomalies included microphthalmos, strabismus, and hypertelorism. One patient had the typical peripheral and facial stigmata of the amniotic band syndrome in association with a coloboma of the left iris and retina.
Am J Ophthalmol 1987 Sep 15
PMID:Amniotic bands as a cause of ocular anomalies. 311 6

Continuous measurement of the intratracheal pressure and capnography are very simple and accessible methods for the detection and recording of the oculorespiratory reflex (ORR). Eight healthy children (five to 14 years old) undergoing strabismus surgery under halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation were studied. The ORR was evoked by traction on the extrinsic muscles of the eye (four medial recti and four lateral recti). Slowing of the respiratory rate and/or shallow respiratory movements were observed in each patient. One patient developed apnoea of 20 seconds duration which forced the use of manually controlled ventilation. Intravenous atropine (0.01 mg.kg-1) reduced the incidence of positive OCR (to 37.5 per cent) but did not diminish the incidence of the ORR (100 per cent). Since the ORR may lead to hypercapnia and hypoxaemia, controlled ventilation is recommended for patients undergoing strabismus surgery at least immediately before and during the muscular traction. It is now clear that the ORR may be evoked by traction on the extrinsic muscles of the eye, may produce hypercapnia and hypoxaemia and so, may aggravate the consequences of the OCR.
Can J Anaesth 1988 Sep
PMID:The oculorespiratory reflex revisited. 316 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>