Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Securing the final muscle position during adjustable-suture strabismus surgery is usually accomplished by tying the sutures in a knot in the early postoperative period. Even patients who have satisfactory ocular alignment without adjustment require manipulation of inflamed ocular tissues to secure the muscle. In our experience, approximately half of these cases are not adjusted. We have devised a technique in which postoperative knot tying is required only in those patients who actually undergo adjustment. In our series of 42 patients who underwent adjustable-suture surgery, 22 cases were not adjusted and 30 cases were left untied. No instances of muscle slippage occurred. We believe this reduction in postoperative manipulation represents an improvement in adjustable-suture strabismus surgery.
Arch Ophthalmol 1992 Sep
PMID:Tying the knot. Is it always necessary? 152 Jan 24

The oculocardiac reflex is a recognized complication of ocular stimulation, precipitated most commonly by traction on the extraocular muscles. To determine the true incidence of occurrence of the oculocardiac reflex during suture adjustments, 20 patients undergoing suture adjustment were monitored for blood pressure, heart rate, and rhythm abnormalities during the suture adjustment. A control group of ten patients with strabismus were studied postoperatively for comparison. Thirteen study patients and two control patients were noted to have a vagal response (P less than .001). The most common response noted was a decrease in heart rate in 15 patients. Only two patients were symptomatic during vagal response (one patient became light-headed and another had an episode of nausea and vomiting). Suture adjustment was found to be the most common triggering event in precipitating vagal responses. Surgeons performing suture adjustment in strabismus correction should be cognizant of vagal responses so that they may properly inform patients of this possibility and take steps to minimize its occurrence.
Am J Ophthalmol 1992 Sep 15
PMID:Vagal responses to adjustable sutures in strabismus correction. 842 Mar 71

A standard set of clinical prism and cover tests and a recently developed photographic method were used to assess binocular alignment in ten monkeys that previously were determined to have a naturally occurring infantile strabismus. Extensive measurements of the alignment state were made for fixation attempts throughout the field of gaze. Patterns of alignment errors were examined in an attempt to compared the strabismus found in individual monkeys with common syndromes of human infantile strabismus. Two monkeys showed patterns consistent with the syndrome of essential infantile esotropia. Five monkeys had patterns consistent with accommodative esotropia. One monkey that had bilateral anterior chamber hemorrhage at birth had a constant-angle esotropia. One monkey that previously had been shown to have a large-angle esotropia during development exhibited only exophoria, and in a final monkey in which large-angle esotropia was found during development, the strabismus had resolved. These results demonstrate that naturally occurring strabismus in monkeys might be related to syndromes seen in children. In addition, they provide extensive information about other characteristics of strabismus that have not been examined previously. These include a characterization of the magnitude of the misalignment in terms of error surface plots of bias and a detailed analysis of scatter in the measurements that show coupling relationships between the two eyes.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992 Sep
PMID:Natural strabismus in monkeys. Convergence errors assessed by cover test and photographic methods. 152 47

We analyzed patients treated during the past five years with botulinum toxin type A for strabismus and blepharospasm, reviewed our successes, failures, and unusual cases, and drew conclusions based on these treatments. Thirty-seven percent of the strabismus patients were cured, but many patients who were outside the strict definitions, still believed that they were significantly improved. A prominent feature in the treatment of strabismus was variability. Frequently, patients expected to do poorly had encouraging results. One permanent overcorrection occurred, and it converted an esotopic patient into an exotropic one with diplopia. This has persisted for 2.5 years and is the longest reported overcorrection to our knowledge. Our results indicate that larger doses of botulinum toxin produce longer spasm-free intervals in the treatment of blepharospasm. One patient receiving injections for her blepharospasm discovered that its cause was her sedative medication. This is the first reported case of a benzodiazepine inducing blepharospasm to our knowledge.
Ann Ophthalmol 1991 Sep
PMID:A five-year analysis of botulinum toxin type A injections: some unusual features. 174 4

Adaptation of tonic vergence ("vergence adaptation" or "prism adaptation") may be produced by sustained accommodative, disparity, or proximal vergence innervation. Phoria measures were used in the present study as indices of tonic vergence adaptation to convergence and divergence stimuli in five subjects. Amblyoscope targets stimulated fusion either over the central or peripheral retina while holding accommodative and proximal stimuli constant. The magnitude and rate of tonic vergence adaptation were greater under the central fusion condition than under the peripheral fusion condition, even though the vergence stimuli were matched between central and peripheral fusion conditions. These results show that tonic vergence adaptation is influenced by the retinal eccentricity of target fusional patterns. However, additional work is required to identify the mechanism(s) underlying this eccentricity effect.
Optom Vis Sci 1991 Sep
PMID:Retinal eccentricity of fusion detail affects vergence adaptation. 174 97

We report on a patient with Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome. The girl was the first-born child of consanguineous parents and had trigonocephaly, apparent hypertelorism, upslanted palpebral fissures, strabismus, small nose with broad root, abnormally modeled ears, high palate, short neck with loose skin, polysyndactyly, and prominent clitoris and labia majora. In addition, a complex cardiovascular defect (Eisenmenger disease) was observed. The patient was mentally retarded.
Am J Med Genet 1991 Sep 15
PMID:Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome. 174 9

We have examined the effects of rearing kittens with a unilateral convergent strabismus, induced surgically at 3 weeks of age, on the binocularity (ocular dominance) and receptive-field position of neurons in the motion-sensitive lateral suprasylvian (LS) area of cat extrastriate cortex. Data were compared to those obtained from area 17 in the same animals, and from the two areas of cortex in normal adult cats. Interocular alignment of the operated cats was assessed in alert adults using corneal reflex photography and during recording from the positions of retinal landmarks under paralysis. The strabismus magnitude in each operated cat was calculated by comparison with equivalent data from the normal animals. Strabismus always caused a major loss of binocularity in area 17. The remaining binocular neurons had receptive-field (RF) pairs arising from positions of normal correspondence in the two retinae and would thus have been responsive to different regions of visual space through the misaligned eyes in the alert animal. In area LS, the effects were dependent on the strabismus magnitude. In the group of four cats with pronounced strabismus (18-30 deg crossed), a loss of binocularity occurred in area LS equivalent in severity to that in area 17. The majority of the remaining binocular LS neurons possessed RF pairs in normal retinal correspondence and would thus, in the alert animal, have received spatially disparate visual input through the two eyes. This also occurred in three other cats with more moderate strabismus (11-15 deg crossed), although only a small breakdown in the binocularity of area LS was apparent. The group of cats with mild strabismus (less than or equal to 10 deg crossed) had normal proportions of binocular neurons in area LS. In three of these cats, the maintenance of binocularity was accompanied by shifts in RF position, with visual inputs arising from anomalous retinal locations. These shifts compensated, in part, for the strabismus angle present in each cat, so that most of the binocular LS neurons would have received inputs from regions of visual correspondence through the misaligned eyes when the animal was alert. Similar mechanisms could afford a basis for the binocular visual compensations that occur in humans with small-angle strabismus of early onset. If so, anomalous retinal correspondence in such individuals would have as a locus areas of extrastriate cortex with a role in motion perception, and would involve alterations to the neural substrate underlying normal binocular vision.
Vis Neurosci 1991 Sep
PMID:Mechanism of anomalous retinal correspondence: maintenance of binocularity with alteration of receptive-field position in the lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual area of strabismic cats. 175 16

Graves' thyroid ophthalmopathy primarily affects women in their third through sixth decade. Sixty-seven patients with clinical myopathic ophthalmic Graves' disease examined (by SCB) between 1982 and 1989 were measured for changes in upgaze intraocular pressure and strabismus. Special attention was paid to "masquerade" symptoms, including pseudosuperior oblique palsies and cyclotorsions. Any correlation between the extent of hypertropia on muscle exam and upgaze intraocular pressure changes is examined. Data suggest that significant changes in introcular pressure in upgaze correlate with more severe extraocular muscle involvement, may represent progression to muscle fibrosis, and occur uniformly in our study of patients who progress to require inferior rectus recession.
J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1991 Sep
PMID:Upgaze intraocular pressure changes and strabismus in Graves' ophthalmopathy. 183 98

A first cousin marriage couple and their 8-year-old identical twin daughters with concomitant strabismus are described. This family would indicate an autosomal recessive inheritance in concomitant strabismus.
Yan Ke Xue Bao 1991 Sep
PMID:A consanguineous mating couple and their concomitant esotropia twins. 184 70

We compared the differences in oxygen saturation and airway-related complications after tracheal extubation in pediatric patients undergoing elective strabismus surgery or adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy who were awake versus anesthetized. Seventy otherwise healthy patients between 2 and 8 yr of age were studied. Anesthesia was induced with halothane or thiamylal and maintained with nitrous oxide and halothane. After induction of anesthesia, the patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (awake extubation) or group 2 (anesthetized extubation). Oxygen saturation was measured continuously and recorded 10 min before extubation and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after tracheal extubation. Supplemental oxygen was administered when oxygen saturation values were less than 90% while breathing room air. Oxygen saturation levels were higher in group 2 than in group 1 at 1, 2, 3, and 5 min after extubation. There were no differences between the two groups in the number of patients requiring supplemental oxygen. The incidence of airway-related complications such as laryngospasm, croup, sore throat, excessive coughing, and arrhythmias was not different between the two groups. We conclude that the anesthesiologist's preference or surgical requirements may dictate the choice of extubation technique in otherwise healthy children undergoing elective surgery.
Anesth Analg 1991 Sep
PMID:Emergence airway complications in children: a comparison of tracheal extubation in awake and deeply anesthetized patients. 186 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>