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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histology of binocularly and monocularly innervated portions of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was studied after unilateral lid closure and experimental esotropia and exotropia in the Macaca mulatta and the results were compared with behavioral and neurophysiological data. The most severe cell shrinkage occurred in two animals who had one eye sutured during the first week of life; all dorsal and ventral deprived LGN layers, including the monocular segment, were involved. Less severe anomalies and sparing of the monocular segment were encountered in esotropic amblyopic monkeys and the least severe changes were in exotropic animals without amblyopia. The severity of behavioral, neurophysiologic, and histologic changes following unilateral lid suture or experimental strabismus could be correlated in all animals studied. The data indicate that the order of susceptibility of the LGN to reduced or abnormal visual input early in life appears to be: dorsal laminae greater than ventral laminae greater than monocular segment.
Invest Ophthalmol 1975 Sep
PMID:Histology of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus after unilateral lid closure and experimental strabismus: further observations. 80 14

1. Recordings of single cells were made in layers A and A1 of the lateral geniculate nucleus of kittens raised with convergent squint in one eye, and morphological studies of cells representing the different parts of the visual fields in these layers were also made from histological sections.2. For the normal eye, cells receiving inputs from the nasal and temporal visual fields were evenly represented up to the periphery, whereas for the squinting eye, no cells which permitted quantitative studies of receptive field properties could be found in the periphery of the nasal field.3. The loss of nasal field, represented by the loss of functional cells in the LGN layer A1 fed by the squinting eye, depended on the severity of the squint. The greater the angle of convergent squint, the greater the loss of nasal field represented by the loss of functional cells.4. The cells fed by the squinting eye's temporal visual field retained their brisk function, although minor modifications in the receptive field organisation were apparent.5. The mean perikaryal size was smaller and the cell-density higher for cells in layers fed by the squinting eye. As found for the functional loss of cells, the shrinkage of perikaryal size and the increase of cell-density was smallest in the zones fed by the temporal visual field, and greatest in the zones fed by the peripheral nasal visual field.6. The functional and morphological changes in the cells in the LGN, which receive inputs from the nasal field of the squinting eye, are attributed to part of the temporal retina being hidden behind the bridge of the nose. It is proposed that this is a consequence of disuse atrophy, due to lack of stimulation during the sensitive period of development.
J Physiol 1977 Sep
PMID:Nasal field loss in kittens reared with convergent squint: neurophysiological and morphological studies of the lateral geniculate nucleus. 90 98

1. The extent of the monocular visual field in cats reared with convergent squint in one eye was determined by a behavioural perimetry technique. 2. Significant reduction in the extent of the visual field was found in the squinting eyes. 3. The visual field defect is a graded one, located mainly in the nasal field, but in some cats extending into the temporal visual field. The defect includes a zone of absolute loss of response to stimuli at the extreme nasal field, adjacent areas of partial response and areas of 100% response in the periphery of the temporal field. 4. A direct relationship was found between the angle of horizontal deviation of the squinting eye and the amount of visual field loss: i.e. the larger the angle of squint, the greater the loss of nasal field. 5. It is suggested that the process leading to a loss in nasal visual field is independent of the loss of visual acuity in squinting cats, since the latter is not related to the angle of squint. 6. The significant loss in nasal visual field found by behavioural experiments in cats reared with a convergent squint thus correlates with comparable deficits found in the physiology and morphology of the lateral geniculate nucleus (Ikeda, Plant & Tremain, 1977), although the behaviourally determined loss of nasal field is greater than would be expected from the study of the response of the LGN neurones.
J Physiol 1977 Sep
PMID:Nasal field loss in cats reared with convergent squint: behavioural studies. 90 99

Five patients who had had neonatal herpes simplex virus infection were re-examined at ages that varied from 6 to 9 years. In all of them the diagnosis had been supported by virus isolation and antibody titration, and herpes virus type 2, the genital strain, had been the causative agent. Only 1 of the patients was mentally retarded. Three of the patients had manifest squint, and only 1 patient had normal visual acuity in both eyes. The fundus changes varied from atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in 3 patients to atrophy of the optic disc in 2 eyes and extreme tortuosity of the retinal arterioles and veins in 1 patient. One patient developed bilateral retinitis with exudation into the vitreous at the age of 5 years. Fluorescein angiography of this patient showed peripheral vascular closure and preretinal neovascularisation, with leakage in both eyes. This may have been due to chronic retinal vasculitis; haemorrhagic infarction may have induced the damage to retinal tissues. Laser photocogulation resulted in slight improvement of the visual acuity, clearing of the vitreous, and decrease of the fluorescein leakage.
Br J Ophthalmol 1977 Sep
PMID:Late ocular manifestations in neonatal herpes simplex infection. 92 25

Three patients with typical features of mannosidosis and deficiency of alpha-mannosidase activity, who were examined ophthalmologically, had similar lenticular opacities. Corneal opacities were absent. Chamber angle and striking ophthalmoscopic anomalies occurred in two young patients who had normal electroretinograms. Two patients had strabismus. Conjunctival biopsy specimens morphologically confirmed the lysosomal nature of this disorder.
Am J Ophthalmol 1976 Sep
PMID:Ocular findings in mannosidosis. 96 97

In 2 outbreaks of coccidiosis due to E bovis and/or E zurnii infection in Canadian cattle, nervous signs included opisthotonos, medial strabismus, hypersensitivity, tetanic spasms, and convulsions. All of the affected animals died in convulsions after an illness of one to several days during which time they showed periodic nervous signs. Necropsy revealed a very severe enteritis with the most severe lesions in the spiral colon. Much of the intestinal mucosa in this area had been destroyed by the parasite. None of several suggested causes of such nervous signs was indicated by laboratory findings, but the possibility of toxins produced by the coccidia could not be ruled out.
Mod Vet Pract 1976 Sep
PMID:Nervous signs in bovine coccidiosis. 96 51

The period of susceptibility of the visual cortex of kittens to the effect of squint is limited to the first three postnatal months. The reduction of binocularity found in these kittens as reflected by the distribution of neurons according to their ocular dominance is especially emphasized in animals operated on between the ages of 4-7 weeks in comparison to animals operated on between the ages of 8-11 weeks. The proportion of monocularly dominated neurons within the first three postnatal months is significantly (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.025) reduced with age. Similar effect on cortical neurons was found for animals who were under the influence of squint for 6 weeks or 15 months and for animals with wide range of deviation angles.
Exp Brain Res 1976 Sep 24
PMID:Age dependence of the effect of squint on cells in kittens' visual cortex. 97 97

The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in 46 extraocular eye muscle samples removed at surgery for squint were determined by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis and reduction of NAD coupled with formazan reaction. Muscle type subunits predominated in the isoenzymes of the medial and lateral rectus muscles of emmetropic and hypermetropic eyes, whereas heart type subunits predominated in those of myopic eyes.
Br J Ophthalmol 1976 Sep
PMID:Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in the eye muscles. Deviation in myopia. 99 Feb 38

The recent literature on prism therapy in strabismus is reviewed. A case is reported in which an esotrope, treated by means of prism neutralization to effect sensory orthotropia, responded with a marked increase in the angle of squint. Guidelines are suggested to minimize risk of such adverse effect when prism therapy is attempted.
J Am Optom Assoc 1976 Sep
PMID:Adverse response to prism therapy in strabismus. 102 87

We performed strabismus surgery on 170 children on an outpatient basis. Endotracheal intubation was utilized in all cases as the means of delivery of the anesthetic agent. Atropine used alone as a preoperative medication reduced the incidence of postoperative vomiting. Parental acceptance of this method of surgery was best when the child was discharged from the hospital awake and alert in the shortest possible time.
Am J Ophthalmol 1975 Sep
PMID:Brief hospital admissions for pediatric strabismus surgery. 116


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