Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The localisation and definition of the capsule of Tenon insertion on the rectus muscles is of prime importance to the strabismus surgeon. The depth of the superior sub-Tenon space was measured on 22 adult human eyes after fixation in formalin. Although the measurements revealed major differences between the eyes, the following results were found: inferior rectus muscle = 7.8 mm +/- 1.79 (5.2-13.0), medial rectus = 12.6 mm +/- 2.15 (8.4-17.2), superior rectus muscle = 16.7 mm +/- 2.39 (12.7-21.5), and lateral rectus muscle = 19.0 mm +/- 2.19 (14.5-22.0). Histological studies of 2 other human eyes confirmed the notion of a band of insertion on rectus muscles as the posterior limit of the sub-Tenon space. As far as this insertion, the capsule of Tenon is a dense connective tissue composed of many collagen and elastin fibers, but after the band insertion, it becomes virtual through its fusion with the perimysium of the rectus muscle.
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PMID:[Insertion of the Tenon capsule onto the rectus muscles]. 828 50

Extraocular muscle pulleys, now well known to be kinematically significant extraocular structures, have been noted in passing and described in fragments several times over the past two centuries. They were late to be fully appreciated because biomechanical modeling of the orbit was not available to derive their kinematic consequences, and because pulleys are distributed condensations of collagen, elastin and smooth muscle (SM) that are not sharply delineated. Might other mechanically significant distributed extraocular structures still be awaiting description?An imaging approach is useful for describing distributed structures, but does not seem suitable for assessing mechanical properties. However, an image that distinguished types and densities of constituent tissues could give strong hints about mechanical properties. Thus, we have developed methods for producing three dimensional (3D) images of extraocular tissues based on thin histochemically processed slices, which distinguish collagen, elastin, striated muscle and SM. Overall tissue distortions caused by embedding for sectioning, and individual-slice distortions caused by thin sectioning and subsequent histologic processing were corrected by ordered image warping with intrinsic fiducials. We describe an extraocular structure, partly included in Lockwood's ligament, which contains dense elastin and SM bands, and which might refine horizontal eye alignment as a function of vertical gaze, and torsion in down-gaze. This active structure might therefore be a factor in strabismus and a target of therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Extraocular connective tissue architecture. 1272 68