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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in the Netherlands, the effectiveness of (prism-)glasses prescribed by the Measurement and Correction Method of H.-J. Haase (MKH) was compared to that of glasses prescribed by conventional orthoptic examination. Nine pairs of MKH-optometrists and orthoptists recruited patients who primarily presented with asthenopia, and each prescribed the patient (prism-)glasses. A questionnaire for asthenopia was developed that rated headache and tired eyes as 0-7 days per week and none-light-medium-severe, respectively. Light sensitivity, problems with focusing, near-work problems and burning eyes were each rated as: never-occasionally-often-always. A patient was eligible if he scored 'medium', 'often' or '5 days a week' twice; or 'medium' (etc.) once and 'light' (etc.) twice. Controls, in contrast to the patients, typically answered 'none' or 'never' to half of the complaints, but 37% of them would have passed the admission criteria. Among other criteria were: 18 to 40 years of age, horizontal angle < 4 degrees, vertical < 1.7 degrees, acuity > or = 0.8, stereopsis threshold disparity < 120". Seventy-two patients fulfilled all criteria and returned sufficient questionnaires. They wore the first glasses for six weeks, were without glasses for two weeks, and then wore the second glasses for six weeks. At the start, halfway and at the end of each 6-week period, questionnaires were filled out; 97% were returned. Only 19 of the orthoptists' glasses contained prisms (14 horizontal, 5 vertical; horizontal average of all glasses 0.49 PD, vertical 0.05 PD). Five of the orthoptists' glasses were plano. All MKH glasses contained prisms, 53 of 72 both horizontal and vertical, 18 only horizontal and one only vertical (horizontal average of all glasses 2.83 PD, vertical 0.79 PD). The starting levels of complaints were high and both glasses improved complaints dramatically. The starting levels were lower, but not significantly, in the second 6-week period and improvement was less outspoken. Because of these differences, the two periods had to be evaluated separately. The primary outcome of the study was defined as the difference between the effect of the MKH glasses and that of the orthoptists' glasses in the first and second 6-week periods. For problems with focusing, in the first 6-week period, and for tired eyes, in the second 6-week period, the difference exceeded the difference that had been defined as clinically significant (one day per week less headache or half the distance light-medium or half the distance occasionally-often), but it did not reach statistical significance. The statistical power was approximately 0.7 for demonstrating this clinically significant difference. Statistical significance was not reached in multivariate repeated measure ANOVA either. Forty-four patients preferred to keep the MKH glasses, 25 the orthoptists' glasses, including one plano. It is striking that 25% of the patients did not prefer the glasses that, according to the questionnaire, improved their complaints the most. A year after the study, the questionnaire was sent again to all patients: The levels of complaints after a year were similar to those at the end of the second 6-week period, whether they had preferred the MKH or the orthoptists' glasses, and were similar to the levels in controls. The most conspicuous finding was that both glasses improved the complaints dramatically. Apart from the prisms, other reasons could be: spherical and cylindrical correction, improved wearing comfort of the frame, placebo effect, Hawthorne effect and regression to the mean.
Strabismus 2001 Mar
PMID:Preliminary report: prescription of prism-glasses by the Measurement and Correction Method of H.-J. Haase or by conventional orthoptic examination: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. 1126 97

To determine whether a disruption of binocular vision that has been previously shown to be amblyogenic disturbs visually guided growth, and in particular to follow-up the observation by Kiorpes and Wallman [Kiorpes, L., & Wallman, J. (1995). Does experimentally-induced amblyopia cause hyperopia in monkeys? Vision Research, 35(9), 1289-1297] that monkeys in whom strabismus had been induced some years earlier were hyperopic in eyes that had become amblyopic, we induced unilateral fixation in five infant New World monkeys (marmosets) through the wearing of a Fresnel prism (of 15 or 30 prism dioptres power) in front of one eye for four weeks. The prism was rotated every three hours during the prism-wear period to encourage a preference for fixating with the contralateral eye. Refractive error and intraocular axial dimensions were measured before, and at intervals after the prism-wearing period. Fixation preference was measured behaviourally, during and after the prism-wear period. Cortical visual function was subsequently assessed through recording of pattern-reversal VEPs in each marmoset between 11 and 14 months of age to assess whether amblyopia had developed in the non-fixing eye. All marmosets used the untreated eye almost exclusively for a monocular visual task by the end of the prism-rearing period. This preference was still present up to at least 7 months after prism-wear had ceased. VEP measures showed a loss of sensitivity at low spatial frequencies (the only ones we were able to test), compatible with amblyopia having developed in the non-fixating eyes of the prism-reared marmosets. Eyes that wore prisms were not significantly different from their fellow eyes in mean refractive error or mean vitreous chamber depth (repeated measures ANOVA; P>0.05) before or at any time after prism-wear had ceased. Two marmosets developed 2-3D of anisometropia (one hyperopic and one myopic) at the end of prism-wear, that was attributable to interocular differences in vitreous chamber depth, and which decreased towards isometropia in the period following prism-wear removal. Disruption of binocular vision with rotating prisms can influence emmetropization and ocular growth, although it does not appear to do so in a consistent way.
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PMID:Rotated prism-wear disrupts emmetropization but does not reliably induce hyperopia in the New World monkey. 1796 73

The purpose was to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin A in preschool children with ocular diseases attending to the Hospital Civil of Guadalajara. In a cross sectional design 100 preschool children between 24 and 71 mo of age with ocular diseases were included. Vitamin A intake was evaluated by 24 h dietetic recall, plasma Retinol concentration by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); and, conjunctiva impression cytology (CIC) was carried out by a trained pathologist. ANOVA and U Mann Whitney tests, and also Spearman correlations were estimated. There were 44.1% females and 55,9% males. Strabismus was the most common disease (41,9%), conjunctivitis (19,4%), and congenital diseases (17,2%). The mean intake of Vitamin A was 374 microg/d +/- 706 and the serum concentration of retinol was of 30 microg/dL +/- 7,6; CIC was normal in 75,6%. The percentage of vitamin A deficiency was 3,2% according to the serum concentration of Retinol and 3,5% to the CIC criteria. It was not association between the nutritional status of vitamin A and ocular diseases. A positive correlation between vitamin A intake and weight/height index (r = 0,244) was found. In conclusion, most preschool children covered the dietary reference intake recommendation of vitamin A; deficiency of this vitamin was lower and, it was not associated to ocular diseases.
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PMID:[Nutritional status of vitamin A in preschoolers with ocular diseases]. 1988 11