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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

That the Pola test figures of heterophoric subjects with fixation disparities are described as deformed at times, was published by H. J. Haase two decades ago. The main subject in this publication is a 13-year-old boy with early childhood convergent strabismus, in which the "squint therapy" which was used at that time, did not change the angle of squint and the anomalous correspondence to any extent. The corrected visual acuity was the same bilaterally, 1.0 to 1.1. If the esotropic eye position was corrected as well as possible with prisms to the objective angle, a change between diplopia and binocular fusion occurred; occasionally even to "normal corresponding" fusion with correct stereopsis. In the transition phases the test level appeared to be more or less drawn out in width, and the half figures underwent all kinds of "somersaults". Binocular macropsia and monocular micropsia and macropsia, and also polyopia and unusual depth effects were described. Confusion did not occur; all pictures had form. These rare phenomena were interpreted as a competition between established anomalous and latent normal correspondence. This communication should stimulate further observations of this type and, should the occasion arise, lead to experimental research.
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PMID:[Unusual perceptions with the Pola Test in a case of esotropia with anomalous correspondence]. 204 68

Diplopia is a frequent neuro-ophthalmologic symptom with diverse etiologies. This article describes elementary diagnostic tests and frequent causes of diplopia. Monocular diplopia persists when the other eye is closed and usually disappears when the patient looks through a pinhole. It is usually caused by errors in the optical media of the eye and has to be differentiated from spectacle-induced side effect and non-organic disorders. A sign of non-organic etiology is absence of change in image position when the head is tilted. Binocular diplopia disappears regardless of which eye is closed. Binocular diplopia occurs when the images of both eyes cannot be fused. The most frequent direct cause of diplopia is acquired strabismus. Knowledge of several specific types of strabismus enables efficient patient management. Congenital and decompensating strabismus like accommodative esotropia, pathophoria, strabismus surso- and deorsoadductorius, retraction syndrome, Brown's syndrome and esotropia in high myopia only need ophthalmologic treatment. Orbital injury, orbital tumor, ocular myositis, Graves orbitopathy and vascular disease usually require multidisciplinary management. Neurogenic paresis, superior oblique myokymia, ocular neuromyotonia, myasthenia, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and skew deviation require specific neurologic examination. Treatment of diplopia includes treatment of the fundamental disorder, monocular occlusion, prisms and strabismus surgery.
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PMID:How to deal with diplopia. 2298 79

When diplopia occurs after refractive surgery, a systematized approach to diagnosis and treatment is useful. First, determine if the problem is monocular or binocular. Monocular diplopia usually is caused by anterior segment complications and should be referred to an anterior segment surgeon. If the problem is binocular, determine if there is iatrogenic monovision. If monovision was created by the refractive surgery, determine if the double vision is due to fixation switch diplopia. If so, the monovision state needs to be reversed. If fixation switch is not the cause of the symptoms, try "optical rescue". If monovision is not present, check old refraction and motility records, and correct any residual refractive error. Strabismus may need to be treated with surgery, orthoptic exercises, or prisms.
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PMID:Diplopia associated with refractive surgery. 2300 73