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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ophthalmologists specialised in strabology are faced with the dilemma which method of strabismus measurement gives the most reliable results. The correct measurement result is of a primary importance when a squint surgery is to be performed. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of the angle measurement: synoptophore testing and PCT. The study consisted of 200 squint angle measurements including PCT for distance and near as well as objective strabismus angle measurement with synoptophore. One hundred measurements of ET and one hundred measurements of XT were done. Significant differences between results of synoptophore and PCT method were noticed for patients both type of strabismus. Measurement performed with synoptophore shows the increase of convergence in most cases.
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PMID:[Estimation of squint angle measurements performed with synoptophore and prism cover--test (PCT)]. 1605 15

It has long been advocated that the accuracy of the synoptophore is affected by the artificial viewing conditions it provides and the patient's awareness of its proximity, which results in an increase in the angle in ET and a decrease in XT. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the agreement between distance horizontal strabismus measurements taken with the synoptophore and PCT. Fifty-four measurements (n = 42: 28 with ET, 14 with XT) were analysed. The PCT was repeated by a second examiner and the measurements (n = 17) were compared to those of the first examiner's prism measurements. The main finding was a high agreement between the measurements obtained by the two methods (ICC: R = 0.91). There was an eso-shift of the deviation at the synoptophore (compared with the PCT) in 26% and an exo-shift in 28%. Therefore, over-convergence was just as likely to occur as un-der-convergence. The findings cannot support the popular notion that the synoptophore exaggerates the angle in ET and understates it in XT. Furthermore, it was shown that the variability between the two measurement methods was similar to the inter-examiner variability for the PCT. It was concluded that the synoptophore measurements are valid and that the phenomenon of over-convergence with this device ('instrument convergence') is not a relevant clinical entity.
Strabismus 1995
PMID:Synoptophore versus prism and cover test measurements in strabismus.: A question of instrument convergence? 2131 23

Plasmacytoma of the skull-base is a rare entity. Differential diagnosis includes chordoma, osteosarcoma, carcinoma nasopharynx, meningioma, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Accurate and precise diagnosis is extremely important for plasmacytoma of the skull-base as its treatment and prognosis is different from other skull-base lesions. A 41-year-old man presented with concerns of headache, diplopia, and left eye strabismus. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of his brain showed a large expansile mass measuring 51 mm involving the clivus and central skull-base. Trans-sphenoidal tumor decompression was done. A biopsy confirmed the plasmacytoma. A positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed a single 2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) avid lesion at the skull-base. The results of all other relevant investigations such as hemoglobin, renal function test, serum calcium, serum protein immunoelectrophoresis, serum quantitative immunoglobulin, bone marrow biopsy, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-2 microglobulin levels were within normal limits. He was treated with radical radiotherapy. He developed complete clinical response after radiotherapy.
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PMID:Plasmacytoma of the Skull-base: A Rare Tumor. 2955 35