Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Headaches in children are virtually never the result of eye problems. If a child needs glasses, young age is almost never a contraindication to their use. Any child in whom strabismus is recognized or suspected should be referred to an ophthalmologist. The strabismus may be a presenting sign of a serious disease. Even if it is not, spontaneous cure almost never occurs. Furthermore, the younger the child, the easier and more successful will be the treatment of both the strabismus and the amblyopia that often accompanies it. Dyslexia is not the result of abnormalities of the eyes and is unaffected by eye exercises. There are no significant ocular hazards in the use of standard mydriatic (dilating) eye drops in children.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric ophthalmic mythology. 109 67

Report on 370 dyslexics, whereof 281 can be evaluated. The heterophoric cases were all corrected by Haase's method of prismatic binocular full correction. There are mainly esophorias but only little exophorias and strabisms. 3% are orthophoric. Visual acuity improved as well as sensory adaptations. The latter were mainly fixation disparities II. 82 operated cases resulted in a residual angle of 3+/-3 prism-diopters measured by Polatest. The influence on dyslexia is very good in 11%, good in 60%. 17% showed no influence on dyslexia but got rid of asthenopic symptoms. Only 12% failed. Good results are seen already after three months up to one year and in some cases even after 2 or 3 years. As optical and surgical corrections do not heal the dyslexia, it is discussed how to explain the obtained good results. The author's opinion is that prismatic corrections may save energy as the patients have no longer to compensate their heterophoria themselves. Thus they dispose on more energy e.g. for understanding of the text they are reading.
 ...
PMID:[Further observations of dyslexia patients with prism correction]. 161 72

Dyslexia and other related learning disabilities are serious problems. The American Academy of Pediatrics, through its Committee on Children with Disabilities and the Section on Ophthalmology, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus strongly support the need for early diagnosis and educational remediation. There is no known eye or visual cause for dyslexia and learning disabilities, and no effective visual treatment. Multidisciplinary evaluation and management must be based on proven procedures demonstrated by valid research.
 ...
PMID:American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Children with Disabilities: American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and American Academy of Ophthalmology: Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision. 161 64

Accurate ocular assessment in the pediatric patient can be a challenge to the primary care physician. Guidelines are suggested for ocular evaluation in children of varying ages. Strabismus, amblyopia, and dyslexia are among the most common ocular problems seen in children; medical, surgical, and educational means to treat these disorders are emphasized.
 ...
PMID:Strabismus, amblyopia, and dyslexia. 692 45

Somatopsychic disturbances encompassing both ophthalmologic as well as child-psychiatric phenomena mainly occur in ADD: Central disorders of eye motoricity (strabismus) and disorders of visual perception are encountered. Dyslexia or dysorthography often occur as secondary phenomena. The psychosomatic or psychogenic disturbances affect not only the lid mechanism but also visualization. In the lid region, nictation tics and trichotillomania of the eyebrows and eyelashes occur. Psychic impairment of vision may range from a slight amblyopia, often associated with limitation of the field of vision, to complete amaurosis. The symptomatology is described and illustrated with examples.
 ...
PMID:[Psychosomatic correlations in pediatric ophthalmology]. 714 26

The visual correlates of dyslexia are the subject of controversy, and much evidence suggests that they may include some aspects of binocular and accommodative function. These factors were investigated in 43 control and 39 dyslexic children, who were matched for age, sex and performance intelligence quotient. The dyslexic group exhibited significantly lower positive and negative vergence reserves, and vergence instability when the eyes were dissociated at near. Their amplitudes of accommodation also were significantly reduced. However, other measures including dissociated and associated heterophoria and accommodative lag and facility were similar in both groups. The stability of motor ocular dominance, as assessed with a modified Dunlop test, was similar in both groups. The results of a simulated reading visual search task suggested that the vergence and accommodative dysfunction were not a major cause of the dyslexia. Further analyses, using reading-age matched groups, suggested that these ocular motor correlates were not attributable to the better reading performance in the control group. The most likely remaining explanation is that they are, in most cases, non-causal correlates of the dyslexia.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of accommodative and binocular function in dyslexia. 815 21

Background: Controversy exists about the role of visual parameters and vision in learning to read. This study aims to determine whether ocular parameters or performance on a dynamic test of visual function differs for children of differing reading ability. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-four children (mean age 9.9 +/- 1.8 years) received a vision screening emphasising binocular anomalies associated with discomfort at near (distance and near visual acuity, distance vision challenged with binocular +1 D lenses, near heterophoria, near point of convergence, stereopsis and accommodative facility). Non-verbal mentation age and reading accuracy were assessed. One hundred and six children performed a computerised task of motion coherence detection. Children were classified as normal readers (n = 195), children with dyslexia (n = 49) or learning disabled children (n = 40) based on their mentation age and their reading age. Results: There were no statistically significant differences or correlations between visual parameters and reading performance. Over thirty per cent of the children had accommodative facilities below or equal to six cycles per minute. Children with learning disabilities performed worst on the motion coherence task but this was statistically significant only when compared to the performance of dyslexics. Discussion: The lack of association between ophthalmic parameters and poor reading ability supports the view of the Committee on Children with Disabilities. However, 39 per cent of the children might be expected to experience difficulty 'reading to learn', as suggested by the American Academy of Optometry, as they showed anomalies associated with visual discomfort with prolonged reading. The motion coherence test did not differentiate dyslexics from normal readers and was worst in children with learning disability. Accommodative facility testing remained the most useful predictor of potential visual discomfort.
 ...
PMID:Is there an association between functional vision and learning to read? 1236 60

The authors investigated the performance of children with developmental dyslexia on a number of visual tasks requiring selective visual attention. Dyslexic children did not show the overestimation of the left visual field (pseudo-neglect) characteristic of normal adult vision. The performance of dyslexic children in texture segmentation and feature search tasks was identical to that of control children matched for age, gender and intelligence. However, when tested on conjunction tasks for orientation and form, dyslexic children showed shorter reaction times and a dramatically increased number of errors. Differences between the two groups decreased with increasing age. These results suggest that children with developmental dyslexia present selective deficits in visual attention.
Strabismus 2006 Jun
PMID:Do children with developmental dyslexia show a selective visual attention deficit? 1676 Jan 14

Because in children the neurological connections of sight are still plastic, any condition that is able to cause a reduction of visual acuity will also cause cortical suppression of the input from that eye. Early management of amblyopia is essential to its effective treatment. Prompt recognition of strabismus, nystagmus, dyslexia, retinoblastoma and albinism will also lead to an improved visual prognosis for the affected child. In the child with retinoblastoma, it will also vastly improve the prognosis for life.
 ...
PMID:Common problems in pediatric ophthalmology. 2125 72

The importance of early diagnosis of visual problems in children cannot be overemphasized. The prevention of deprivation amblyopia, a condition where the development of normal vision may be permanently arrested by the unrecognized presence of a cataract, can be achieved only by the earliest diagnosis and urgent referral. Strabismic amblyopia caused by acquired convergent strabismus occurring, almost always, in the 18 months to four year age group is a totally preventable condition and referral is a daytime emergency. The simple pinhole test is described to differentiate clearly simple refractive errors from the serious, more urgent, organic causes of poor vision. Practical comments concerning congenital nystagmus and primary reading problems (dyslexia) are included.
 ...
PMID:Visual problems in children. 2130 64


1 2 Next >>