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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new instrument for visual field examination with binocular fixation is described. The binocular vision was dissociated with polarizing plates. Only the point of fixation was visible to both eyes while the testing chart (Amsler chart) was visible to one eye in the use of this apparatus. The examination was done with both the patient's eyes open. With the use of this apparatus, not only was the visual line fixed steadily in order to detect various changes of the central visual field due to maculopathy or optic neuropathy and these changes were detected accurately and quickly, but also suppression scotoma associated with amblyopia or squint could be detected quantitatively.
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PMID:A new apparatus for visual field testing with binocular fixation. 15 90

Two subjects with acute lymphatic leukemia have been observed to have unilateral optic neuropathy five to seven days following administration of Vincristine (2.0 mg/sq m) during maintenance chemotherapy. Both subjects were in mission at the time their ocular problems developed. After discontinuance of Vincristine therapy, marked vision improvement in the affected eye occurred over the ensuing months. It is presumed that Vincristine therapy was the cause of toxic optic neuropathy in these patients.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Unilateral optic neuropathy following vincristine chemotherapy. 28 74

A "transorbital" three-wall decompression through a modified blepharoplasty incision was used to treat 19 orbits for either cosmetic disfigurement or optic neuropathy. In the 14 orbits with disfigurement, surgical retroplacement averaged 5.2 mm; vision improved to 20/40 or better in four of five eyes with optic neuropathy. Complications attributed to the surgery included: acquired strabismus (two transient, one permanent) and infraorbital hypesthesia (one transient, one permanent). This technique's advantages are: 1) a single incision with wide exposure, 2) a low incidence of permanent strabismus, 3) a lateral orbital rim and canthal tendon preservation, and 4) a large reduction in proptosis.
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PMID:Orbital decompression for Graves' disease: exposure through a modified blepharoplasty incision. 150 81

Case report of four members of a family presenting a congenital fibrosis syndrome. The first case has the typical presentation with bilateral ptosis, bilateral hypotrophic, variable horizontal deviation, and restricted ocular movements in all directions. The second case has a unilateral ptosis with Marcus Gunn phenomenon and bilateral restriction of elevation. In the third case, the condition is purely unilateral and associated with a sensorimotor neuropathy. A fourth member presents a unilateral ptosis. Three other members have a simple strabismus without any oculomotor anomaly.
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PMID:[Congenital fibrosis of thr ocular muscles: a diagnosis for several clinical pictures]. 213 36

Functional and cosmetic ophthalmic complications of Graves' (1835) disease are dysthyroid optic neuropathy, exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbances. This paper describes and elaborates on the surgical procedures used when these complications are present. In severe exophthalmos and optic neuropathy we use an orbital decompression of the orbital floor sometimes combined with the medial wall, via an anterior approach. In eyelid retraction, we perform a recession of the levator muscle with scleral graft implantation. In concomitant strabismus, surgery is usually limited to recessions of the involved muscles, most of the surgery is directed to the inferior and medial rectus, as these are the most commonly affected muscles. The indications depend on the status of the patient at the time of referral. For severe exophthalmos with true retraction of the upper eyelid, we begin by treatment of the retraction and if this is not sufficient, we perform orbital decompression. For severe exophthalmos with oculomotor disturbances, we perform orbital decompression and later, the strabismus surgery. For oculomotor disturbances with eyelid retraction, we perform the strabismus surgery at the first and the eyelid retraction at the second stage. When there is a combination of exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbance, the indications and the choice of treatment are difficult and depend on numerous factors. If orbital decompression is indicated, it will be done first, followed by the strabismus surgery and at a later stage, the eyelid retraction. If only the eyelid retraction is treated, it will be done after the strabismus surgery. The chronological order of treatment depends on the modification we observe on the other components of the ophthalmopathy.
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PMID:Choice of surgical treatment for Graves' disease. 347

With better understanding of the various techniques available for orbital decompression, the indications for surgical decompression in Graves' orbitopathy are now less rigid. Decompressions may be performed for (1) prolonged orbital congestion and pain, (2) orbital problems resistant to steroid treatment, (3) orbital problems where there have been steroid complications, (4) severe corneal exposure that cannot be treated with lid-lengthening surgery, and (5) the standard indication--Graves' optic neuropathy. Assessment of muscle size by computed tomographic scanning and ultrasound, as well as the measurement of orbital pressure, are important advances in the assessment of these patients. The lateral approach produces less strabismus and allows for exophthalmos reduction, especially if fascia temporalis is incised and if part of that muscle is removed. The inferomedial approach is advisable in patients with severe posterior optic neuropathy caused by apical crowding of the enlarged muscles, particularly the medial rectus. The two approaches may be combined in severe cases.
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PMID:An individualized approach to orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy. 383 90

In a few patients with Graves' disease, visual loss related to an optic neuropathy develops. Clinical and radiologic evidence suggests that the mechanism of visual loss is optic nerve compression in the orbital apex. Steroids may offer improvement, but often the condition recurs unless high doses are maintained. Orbital decompression provides dramatic visual and cosmetic improvement in most cases. A transorbital approach suitable to the experienced orbital surgeon for decompression of the orbital floor and medial wall has been presented in a companion article. Results of this approach in 12 eyes with visual loss unmanageable by steroid therapy indicate a gratifying improvement in vision. Strabismus is the most frequent complication. Results with follow-up ranging from six to 18 months are encouraging and comparable to the results obtained with other methods of surgical decompression.
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PMID:Transorbital decompression. Indications and results. 689 28

The clinical and histopathological features of a case of carcinomatous optic neuropathy secondary to a malignant lymphoma histologically resembling "Burkitt's tumor" occurring in an 11-year-old American male was described. Histological examination of the optic nerve showed meningeal involvement by tumor cells with extension into the septal spaces of the optic nerve.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Meningeal carcinomatosis secondary to malignant lymphoma (Burkitt's pattern). 724 Dec 97

The case of a child with six documented episodes of benign recurrent unilateral VI nerve palsy between the ages of 2 1/2 months and 3 years is presented. Despite the recognized self-limiting course of this disorder, its possible evolution into a comitant esotropia makes close follow-up mandatory. The practical aspects of management including maintenance occlusion therapy are stressed as well as the need for prompt surgical intervention once the acquired stabismus has become stabilized. The etiology of benign VI nerve palsy of childhood may have the same immunological basis as other cases of para-infectious neuropathy. This isolated postinfective cranial mononeuropathy easily blends into the continuum of neurological involvement seen with the Landry-Guillian-Barre syndrome. With recovery from the initial episode, the abducens nerve may have become predisposed to recurrent inflammatory episodes and recurrent loss of function. Most often these recurrences are triggered by febrile illnesses of childhood.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Benign recurrent VI nerve palsy in childhood. 726 48

The present report describes a family with Leber's optic neuropathy. The cytogenetic findings in this family, as well as some clinical features, are suggestive of a slow viral infection with vertical transmission as a possible cause of the disease.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Leber's optic neuropathy--a cytogenetic study of a family. 741 34


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