Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occlusion of one eye may trigger two types of deviation: 1) Heterophorias: the occluded eye deviates towards a horizontal, vertical or torsional abnormal position of rest. Fusion keeps the eyes straight during binocular fixation. 2) Dissociated deviations, horizontal (DHD), vertical (DVD), torsional (DTD): they are found in infantile strabismus. The deviation without fixation is always smaller than the deviation of the occluded eye. The more typical cases are the ones where the position of rest without fixation is an orthoposition. Normal binocular vision is lacking. Most of the time, an alternant neutralisation is found: the occlusion deviation is not the return of the occluded eye to an abnormal position of rest. The deviation is caused by a disequilibrium of binocular retinal stimulations. Horizontal and vertical deviations are easy to study. It is not the case in dissociated torsional deviation (DTD) where the incyclotorsion does not exist when fixation is absent. An indirect proof of extorsion is given by the study of horizontal and vertical deviations determined in the cardinal position of gaze. Extorsion of the globus leeds always to abnormal actions of the recti. This give a typical synoptometer chart which is found in any extorsion whatever its origins: paralysis, alphabetic patterns or infantile strabismus. Dissociated extorsions are always associated with a bilateral elevation in the primary position. Dissociated deviations are found in infantile strabismus with the other dissociations phenomenon such as nystagmus, optokinetic nystagmus asymmetry, fixation in adduction preference (and incyclotorsion).
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PMID:[Vertical and tortional deviations in early strabismus]. 220 93

Dissociated horizontal deviation (DHD) is one of the four components of the dissociated strabismus complex which also includes dissociated vertical deviation, dissociated torsional deviation and manifest-latent or latent nystagmus. These dissociated deviations may co-exist with concomitant strabismus (exotropia, esotropia, hyperopia). Sometimes it is difficult to make the difference between dissociated and non-dissociated component of the deviation. We report 3 cases of strabismus and DHD with special emphasis on the diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic possibility. A careful clinical examination with additional measurement tests makes the difference between DHD and associated tropias. The reversed fixation test is a decisive test for the diagnosis of DHD. The therapeutic approach depends on the type of DHD (uni or bilateral, latent or manifest), the magnitude of the deviation, the fixation behavior and the association of the DHD with exotropia, esotropia or orthotropia.
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PMID:[Dissociated horizontal deviation--a diagnostic problem in strabismus]. 1677 41