Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present report describes on a 1-year-old girl with macrocephaly, bulging forehead, ocular hypertelorism, antimongoloid palpebral slant, convergent strabismus, atrophy of optic papillae, short philtrum, protruding lips, high-arched palate, bifid uvula, broad trunk, apparently widely spaced nipples, diastasis recti, small umbilical hernia, tapering fingers, fifth-finger clinodactyly, postaxial polydactyly of the left hand, and bilateral hallux duplication. Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and central diffuse cortical cerebral atrophy was documented on computed tomography. Chromosomes were normal. Parents were related as half first cousins. Their previous pregnancy had ended in a miscarriage. We suggest that this patient has an acrocallosal syndrome inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. This supports other recent reports that have considered this entity to differ from Greig cephalopolysyndactyly.
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PMID:Acrocallosal syndrome in a girl born to consanguineous parents. 272 48

We present a series of 12 consecutive cases of optic nerve hypoplasia. Eight of these were unassociated with significant CNS malformations; of these, two had tomographic evidence of cerebral atrophy. This represents the first adequately documented cases of isolated cerebral atrophy associated with optic nerve hypoplasia. We discuss the increasing prevalence and marked variability of optic nerve hypoplasia, note the lack of clear distinction between primary failure of differentiation and secondary degeneration of optic pathways, and mention the inadequacy of the classic explanation of primary failure of ganglion cell development as the cause of hypoplastic nerves. The cause of cerebral atrophy are mentioned, and we hypothesize that the wide range of CNS insults resulting in atrophy may be responsible for a correspondingly wide range of abnormalities of the optic nerves. We speculate that cerebral atrophy may result in an inadequate cortical mass for induction of normal optic nerve growth, possibly by decreased retrograde axoplasmic flow and insufficient nerve growth factor. We encourage a complete neurologic evaluation, including CAT scan of the brain, in children with optic nerve hypoplasia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia associated with cerebral atrophy. 733 43

We report four patients in a consanguineous family with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), early onset nephrotic syndrome, eventual end-stage renal failure, psychomotor retardation, seizures and microcephaly or brain atrophy without hiatus hernia. Other characteristic dysmorphic features were convergent strabismus and narrow forehead. One patient had enamel hypoplasia of the upper incisors and deviation of bilateral thumbs to palm side. We could not detect an NPHS2 mutation in this family. We propose that this may be another autosomal recessive syndrome with FSGS and neurological findings.
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PMID:Another autosomal recessive form of focal glomerulosclerosis with neurological findings. 1179 29

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV 6) has neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties. The virus has been found in the cerebrospinal fluid of many children with aseptic meningoencephalitis. Intrauterine transmission has been documented by HHV 6 DNA detection in cord blood specimens of apparently healthy newborns and in fetuses following spontaneous abortions. A patient is described with early neonatal afebrile seizures resulting from a congenital HHV 6 variant B infection disclosed by repeated detection of viral genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid in the first days of life. At follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies disclosed hyperintensities in the periventricular white matter and basal ganglia, associated with cerebral atrophy. Further follow-up at 18 months revealed poor neurological outcome with mild neurodevelopmental retardation, strabismus and hypertonia of legs. This report provides evidence of neurological involvement after HHV 6 vertical transmission, and the association with neurological sequelae.
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PMID:Congenital infection with human herpesvirus 6 variant B associated with neonatal seizures and poor neurological outcome. 1279 28

We report organoid nevus with left oculo-orbital choristoma fixing the globe in hypotropia, precanthal skin tag, and upper eyelid coloboma and right limbal dermoid. Computed tomography revealed a dilated lateral ventricle and cerebral atrophy. No neurologic deficit existed. The coloboma was repaired, choristoma debulked, and precanthal tag excised.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Atypical oculo-orbital complex choristoma in organoid nevus syndrome. 1659 83

Recently a mutation in the SNX10 gene that belongs to the sorting nexin family was identified as a cause of a new subset of human autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. Here, we identified a novel homozygous mutation (c.46C > T, p.Arg16X) in SNX10, in an Iraqi boy from a consanguineous family with a history of infantile osteopetrosis. The proband exhibited macrocephaly, prominent forehead, proptosis of the eyes, strabismus, splenomegaly and joint hyperlaxity. Bone X-rays showed increased bone density, metaphyseal under-modelling, transverse alternating bands of greater and lesser density in tubular bones, anteriorly notched vertebral bodies and bone-in-bone appearance. Brain atrophy, external hydrocephalus and thin corpus callosum were noted at the brain MRI and CT scan. Blood test results revealed the presence of anaemia and leukopenia. Our findings confirm the role of SNX10 in autosomal recessive osteopetrosis and help to better define the core set of manifestations associated with this new pathological entity.
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PMID:Homozygous stop mutation in the SNX10 gene in a consanguineous Iraqi boy with osteopetrosis and corpus callosum hypoplasia. 2312 20

Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BWS), first reported in 1988, is apparently due to genetic abnormalities that are still not well-defined, although many gene abnormalities are already discovered and de novo missense changes in the cytoplasmic actin-encoding genes (called ACTB and ACTG1) have been recently discovered. The syndrome combines facial and cerebral malformations. Facial malformations totally or partially present in the same patient are: Iris coloboma, bilateral ptosis, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and prominent epicanthic folds. The various brain malformations are probably responsible for growth and mental retardation. To the best of our knowledge, the syndrome is very rare as few cases have been reported so far. Our aim was to describe a child with a phenotype that looks like BWS with proved partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency which was not reported before. A girl aged 7-year-old of consanguineous parents was referred for short stature and mental retardation. Clinical examination showed dwarfism and a delay in her mental development. Other clinical features included: Strabismus, epicanthic folds, broad nasal bridge, and brain anomalies such as lissencephaly, bilateral hygroma, and cerebral atrophy. Hormonal assessment showed partial GH deficiency without other endocrine disorders. Our case looks exactly like BWS. However, apart from facial and cerebral abnormalities, there is a partial GH deficiency which can explain the harmonious short stature. This case seems worth to be reported as it adds GH deficiency to the very rare syndrome.
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PMID:Baraitser and Winter syndrome with growth hormone deficiency. 2562 31