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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anterior uveitis in children can present difficult management problems. While the course of the inflammation may defy the usual treatment modalities, attention to five specific areas of clinical management may enable the ophthalmologist to better preserve visual function. Careful examination, proper adjustment of corticosteroid dosage, repeated intraocular pressure measurement, patient compliance, and adequate follow-up are the areas discussed.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Treatment failure in anterior uveitis in children. 45 31

To study macular changes in toxoplasmic chorioretinitis 41 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were reviewed. Of the 41 patients, seven had central, large, deep, pigment ringed scars of congenital toxoplasmosis with poor central vision; squint was seen in two and nystagmus in two; 32, including 11 cases with a macular lesion, had recurrent active toxoplasmic chorioretinitis with a focal, yellowish-white, elevated lesion with indistinct borders mostly at the margin of an old scar and associated with vitreous opacities in all, secondary anterior uveitis in 28, macular oedema in 22, papilloedema in 14, and retinal perivasculitis in 16 cases; two had rare acquired toxoplasmic chorioretinitis affecting the macula. The results show that active toxoplasmic chorioretinitis often causes a widespread intraocular inflammation with vitritis, macular oedema, papilloedema, retinal perivasculitis and secondary anterior uveitis, and suggest a combined treatment of active lesions with antimicrobial agents and corticosteroids.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis affecting the macula. 57 67

Clinical findings, course, treatment, and complications of intermediate uveitis in children is analyzed in a series of 60 patients. While generally a chronic indolent disease, in the pediatric age group acute anterior uveitis is the presenting symptom rather than the milder symptomatology characterized in the adult with a similar syndrome. The etiologic evaluation of these patients was unrewarding. The great majority of patients improved following the use of periocular corticosteroid injections and retinal cryopexy, and immunosuppressive agents were infrequently employed in the management of the disorder. Cataract formation, secondary glaucoma, band keratopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, and papillitis were seen as complications. A treatment algorithm is presented.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Pediatric intermediate uveitis. 272 76

Orbital infiltration, anterior uveitis, disc edema, choroiditis, erythema nodosum, and polyarticular arthritis due to sarcoidosis occurred in a five-year-old child who presented with unilateral proptosis. Diagnosis was enhanced by computerized tomography of the orbit, and confirmed by synovial biopsy findings. This patient's course illustrates the importance of thorough and frequent ocular examinations in childhood uveitis associated with systemic disease and demonstrates an unusual finding of orbital sarcoidosis. Childhood sarcoid arthritis may be misdiagnosed as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Familiarity with the ocular and systemic findings may lead to the correct diagnosis.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Orbital and childhood sarcoidosis. 374 95

Kawasaki disease or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is an acute febrile illness primarily affecting children. The principal signs and symptoms recognizable during the acute phase of the illness are described. Kawasaki disease is fatal in up to 3% of cases due to cardiac complications secondary to a systemic vasculitis. In a prospective series, ophthalmologic examinations on 10 children with Kawasaki disease showed that eight had anterior uveitis during the acute phase of the illness. All cases resolved within two to eight weeks. Because of these findings, 15 patients who had had Kawasaki disease with documented bilateral conjunctival injection, but who had never undergone slit-lamp examinations, were recalled for ophthalmologic evaluation. Results of these follow-up examinations were normal in all 15 children.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Eye involvement in Kawasaki disease. 729 13

We describe an 8-year-old girl who had bilateral acute anterior uveitis, optic disc swelling, and positive findings on fluorescein angiography. A diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was made. This case highlights the posterior segment features of Kawasaki disease and positive correlation to angiographic findings that have not been previously reported.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Optic disc changes in Kawasaki disease. 1520 4

We report a child with persistent fevers, arthritis, and parvoviral infection who subsequently developed unilateral orbital pseudotumor, lytic bone lesions, bilateral anterior uveitis, band keratopathy, and migratory polyarthritis. Our working diagnosis was systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, although pseudotumor of the orbit and lytic bone lesions are not found in this disease.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Orbital pseudotumor in a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 1597 74

Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in immunocompetent subjects. The infection can be congenital or acquired. Ocular symptoms are variable according to the age of the subject. For instance, young children present with reduced visual acuity, strabismus, nystagmus, and leucocoria, while teenagers and adults complain of decreased vision, floaters, photophobia, pain, and hyperemia. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis typically affects the posterior pole, and the lesions can be solitary, multiple or satellite to a pigmented retinal scar. Active lesions present as grey-white focus of retinal necrosis with adjacent choroiditis, vasculitis, hemorrhage and vitreitis. Cicatrization occurs from the periphery towards the center, with variable pigmentary hyperplasia. Anterior uveitis is a common finding, with mutton-fat keratic precipitates, fibrine, cells and flare, iris nodules and posterior synechiae. Atypical presentations include punctate outer retinitis, neuroretinitis, papillitis, pseudo-multiple retinochoroiditis, intraocular inflammation without retinochoroiditis, unilateral pigmentary retinopathy, Fuchs'-like anterior uveitis, scleritis and multifocal or diffuse necrotizing retinitis. The laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is based on detection of antibodies and T. gondii DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Toxoplasmosis therapy includes specific medication and corticosteroids. There are several regimens, with different drug combinations. Medications include pirimetamine, sulfadiazine, clindamycin, trimethoprime-sulphamethoxazol, spiramycin, azithromycin, atovaquone, tetracycline and minocycline. The prognosis of ocular toxoplasmosis is usually good in immunocompetent individuals, as long as the central macula is not directly involved.
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PMID:Toxoplasmosis. 1628 46

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis which occurs worldwide and is an important cause of blindness. The infection is naturally acquired by the ingestion of oocysts excreted by infected cats or by ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked or raw meat. Primary infection during pregnancy may result in a congenital infection. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients. Depending on the patient's age, ocular symptoms vary presenting with reduced visual acuity, strabismus, and nystagmus in young children - in adults decreased vision and floaters are most frequently reported. Active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis typically presents as grey-white retinal necrosis with choroiditis, vasculitis and vitritis. However, atypical presentations including neuroretinitis, papillitis, Fuchs-like anterior uveitis, scleritis and acute retinal necrosis have been described. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and can be supported by the detection of antibodies and Toxoplasma gondii DNA. Toxoplasmosis therapy includes antimicrobial drugs and corticosteroids. There are several regimens with different drug combinations including, among others, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, clindamycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol. The prognosis for ocular toxoplasmosis is favorable in immunocompetent individuals, as long as the central macula is not directly involved. The present article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.
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PMID:[Ocular toxoplasmosis]. 1753 Feb 62

This article describes an unusual case of meningococcal endogenous endophthalmitis presenting as anterior uveitis. This case re-emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis, which can lead to good visual recovery.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Neisseria meningitidis endogenous endophthalmitis presenting as anterior uveitis. 1791 77


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