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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The method of clinical examination on binocular sensory-motor connection used in the children of less than three years of age for early detection of strabismus, is used in cats. A number of common and Siamese cats were examined under the same conditions. The clinical results lead to the following conclusions: -- Contrary to general opinion, Siamese cats do not show strabismus and their binocular sensory-motor connection is well developed. -- The common cat does not show strabismus but demonstrates an exophoria or latent divergent strabismus. Their binocular sensory connections seem rather rudimentary. Though these studies have been stated categorically they are the result of clinical examination only and not of a mathematical accuracy. The veracity of these methods is confirmed by the findings in children of three years when examined by subjective methods. However, the use of experimental methods would be useful to confirm or to deny these data.
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PMID:[Strabismus and pseudostrabismus (author's transl)]. 14 74

An analysis of the results of treatment of 50 cases of alternating squint by prismatic hypercorrection with penalisation. The authors have considered the decrease in the deviation, the creation of binocular vision and the durability of the effects after one year. These results equally take into account the age at which the squint appeared.
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PMID:[Treatment of alternating squints: method of localisation by prismatic hypercorrection and with penalisation (author's transl)]. 14 65

A new instrument for visual field examination with binocular fixation is described. The binocular vision was dissociated with polarizing plates. Only the point of fixation was visible to both eyes while the testing chart (Amsler chart) was visible to one eye in the use of this apparatus. The examination was done with both the patient's eyes open. With the use of this apparatus, not only was the visual line fixed steadily in order to detect various changes of the central visual field due to maculopathy or optic neuropathy and these changes were detected accurately and quickly, but also suppression scotoma associated with amblyopia or squint could be detected quantitatively.
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PMID:A new apparatus for visual field testing with binocular fixation. 15 90

The different kinds of penalizations which are used in strabismus therapy--occlusion, atropine penalization, optic penalization, filters, partial occlusion of the glasses (sectors)--are being discussed with their advantages and disadvantages. Their indications and their results are reported according to the age of the child and the degree of the amblyopia.
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PMID:[Types of occlusion in the treatment of convergent strabismus]. 15 59

The operative indications are more or less difficult according to the clinical type ; some of them belong to a very high specialization. The operative technique is not very difficult if the operator is accustomed with the surgery of the posterior segment. On the contrary, the operator who is only accustomed with the surgery of the anterior segment or the classical techniques for strabismus, will find real difficulties.
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PMID:[Is the Fadenoperation easy or difficult? (author's transl)]. 15 88

This study, about 111 cases of exodeviations, establishes a guideline for surgical management of divergent strabismus. First the main points of the clinical examination, and the different classifications of the exodeviations are exposed. Then the technics of surgical treatment are defined, with or without pre or post surgical orthoptic treatment. The conclusions are as following: -- some clinical elements guide our treatment: the refraction, the age at onset, the study of the deviation after constant use of prisms, the existence of A or V syndrome. -- The main points of the surgical management are: the age of surgery, the choice of technic (symmetrical or not), the usefulness of a transient overcorrection, and above all the quantative rules for the surgical treatment. So it as been possible to stress the functional result is quite depending on the clinical type of exodeviation.
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PMID:[Surgical management of divergent strabismus (author's transl)]. 15 12

Thirty extraocular muscles (EOM) from 20 patients were evaluated by light microscopy (LM), electron microscopy (EM), and enzyme histochemistry (EZH). Twenty-one EOM were obtained from 13 patients with strabismus, 9 EOM from 4 patients undergoing eye surgery for other reasons and from 3 autopsy cases. One mum thick sections revealed marked variation in muscle fibre shape and size and in myofibrillar structure; also noted were small, hypertrophied, whorled, and ringbinden fibres. Dense and granular material in the central portion of some fibres and sarcomere disruption in 2--3 mum sections was observed. EZH revealed the absence of the classical mosaic pattern usually found in skeletal muscles. ATPase studies were inconsistent and did not correlate with the expected reciprocal activity of NAD-H diaphorase, particularly on the large fibres. Ultrastructural features consisted of vacuoles within myofilament bundles, "smearing" of Z bands, and "nemaline rods". Occasional myelin figures and lipid-like droplets were observed in subsarcolemmal spaces, associated with scattered clusters of glycogen granules. Abnormal mitochondria and subsarcolemmal inclusions of dense and granular material were conspicuous. "Leptomeric" profiles, "Zebra bodies", or "striated bodies" were noted in 8 EOM's, and an Hirano body was found in 1. The intramuscular nerves contained structures resembling "Luse bodies" in 7 cases. These observations suggest that EOM from individuals with and without strabismus possess unique structural characteristics suggestive of developmental and morphological disarrangement of contractile elements. Some of these changes might play a role in the pathogenesis of strabismus and in the development of clinical symptoms. These features are significantly different from striated skeletal muscle. Therefore the criteria used in the pathological evaluation and diagnosis of skeletal muscle disorders cannot be unequivocally applied to EOM investigations. These data establish the necessity to determine histological norms, ultrastructural patterns, and develop new enzyme histochemistry criteria for the evaluation of EOM. Only then can an acceptable comparison of EOM and skeletal muscle be made.
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PMID:Extraocular muscles: light microscopy and ultrastructural features. 17 43

A 21-year-old man with a longstanding history of impaired visual acuity, strabismus, broad-based gait, and below-average intellectual capacity developed respiratory difficulties and intermittent generalized weakness at age 19. He subsequently showed signs of massive brainstem dysfunction and died. Postmortem examination demonstrated changes compatible with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy of Leigh involving portions of the diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla as well as portions of the spinal cord and optic nerves. Evaluation of family members for presence of the urinary inhibitor factor for thiamine diphosphate phosphoryl transferase revealed abnormal levels in a brother, a maternal uncle, and the maternal grandfather of the patient.
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PMID:Leigh's disease in an adult with evidence of "inhibitor factor" in family members. 20 25

Thirty eight extraocular muscle biopsies obtained from thirty patients (1 normal and 29 affected with various kinds of ocular motility disorders such as strabismus, Duane's syndrome, paralysis), were studied by electron microscopy. Except for the control biopsy considered as normal, they showed: atrophy, disorganization of myofilaments, double Z-disks, rods, curving arrays of myofibrils, concentrically disposed electron-dense sarcotubules, clusters of mitochondria with numerous modifications of their cristae, and subsarcolemmal inclusions, such as dense bodies, laminated bodies, lipofuscin granules and lipid droplets. In addition, subsarcolemmal granulo-fibrillar aggregates, characterized by periodic granulated foci spaced at about 120 nm intervals, were seen in all the biopsies, even in that of the control case. The authors stress the pecularity of the granulo-fibrillar aggregates which, up to now, have never been described in skeletal muscles and the function of which in the extraocular muscles fibers is impossible to define. They point out the difficulty in determining if the motility disturbances may be related to the various changes observed in extraocular muscles of squinting eyes.
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PMID:Ultrastructural studies of extraocular muscles in ocular motility disorders. II. Morphological analysis of 38 biopsies. 21 49

Two cases of the so-called undifferentiated retinoblastoma are demonstrated where typical rosettes were absent. However, cell groups resembling rosettes existed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a tendency of the cells to arrange in circles or in garland-like formations. In one of the cases lymphocytes were found and in the other photoreceptor elements and tubuloreticular inclusions within the endothelial cells were seen.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Scanning electron microscopy of retinoblastoma. 21 87


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