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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new instrument for visual field examination with binocular fixation is described. The binocular vision was dissociated with polarizing plates. Only the point of fixation was visible to both eyes while the testing chart (Amsler chart) was visible to one eye in the use of this apparatus. The examination was done with both the patient's eyes open. With the use of this apparatus, not only was the visual line fixed steadily in order to detect various changes of the central visual field due to maculopathy or optic neuropathy and these changes were detected accurately and quickly, but also suppression scotoma associated with amblyopia or squint could be detected quantitatively.
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PMID:A new apparatus for visual field testing with binocular fixation. 15 90

Objective determination of monocular accommodation in young eyes revealed a different behaviour in strabismus alternans from that in normal binocular vision. This manifested itself by strongly differing individual responses, less correct values in physiological and unphysiological accommodation tests, and different reactions on hindering clear vision that cannot be compensated by refraction changes. The possibility of central scotoma, persisting during fixation and varying in density, occurring in alternating strabismus, is discussed.
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PMID:[Results of objective accommodation determination in eyes with alternating functional central scotoma (alternating strabismus) (author's transl)]. 30 May 75

Binocular perimetry with Aulhorn's Phase difference haploscope is described. Of 62 patients with primary micro-squint, 21 patients showed no scotoma, 15 patients showed a fixation or zero point scotoma of 0.5-1 degrees, 26 patients showed a larger scotoma (average: 3.7 degrees). In addition, 15 patients with larger angle and deep amblyopia were examined. The scotoma average was 8.8 degrees. A zero point scotoma was always present, whereas the central foveal scotoma was often missing.
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PMID:[Scotoma in the binocular field of vision in severe amblyopia and microstrabismus (author's transl)]. 73 60

1. The extent of the monocular visual field in cats reared with convergent squint in one eye was determined by a behavioural perimetry technique. 2. Significant reduction in the extent of the visual field was found in the squinting eyes. 3. The visual field defect is a graded one, located mainly in the nasal field, but in some cats extending into the temporal visual field. The defect includes a zone of absolute loss of response to stimuli at the extreme nasal field, adjacent areas of partial response and areas of 100% response in the periphery of the temporal field. 4. A direct relationship was found between the angle of horizontal deviation of the squinting eye and the amount of visual field loss: i.e. the larger the angle of squint, the greater the loss of nasal field. 5. It is suggested that the process leading to a loss in nasal visual field is independent of the loss of visual acuity in squinting cats, since the latter is not related to the angle of squint. 6. The significant loss in nasal visual field found by behavioural experiments in cats reared with a convergent squint thus correlates with comparable deficits found in the physiology and morphology of the lateral geniculate nucleus (Ikeda, Plant & Tremain, 1977), although the behaviourally determined loss of nasal field is greater than would be expected from the study of the response of the LGN neurones.
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PMID:Nasal field loss in cats reared with convergent squint: behavioural studies. 90 99

A survey is presented of the ophthalmological findings in 74 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, who underwent unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy 1960-1969 at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. At follow-up, 1970-1971, one to ten years following the operation, 81% of the patients had no or only few seizures. Preoperatively 11% of the patients suffered from strabismus as compared to an expected frequency of 5%, but this trend just falls short of statistical significance. The visual acuity remained unchanged in all patients following the operation. Preoperatively a visual field defect was observed in 2 patients. At follow-up 51 patients had homonymous hemianopias, in 38 of them this was limited to the upper quadrants, and in 13 patients also included the lower quandrants, but was characterized as a total homonymous hemianopia in only 6 patients. The presence and extent of the visual field defects were correlated to surgical results, age at onset of epilepsy, age at operation, preoperative duration of epilepsy, presence of grand mal, preoperative complications, and neuropathological findings, but without observing any statistically significant conclusions. On the other hand, the extent of the postoperative visual field defect was significantly influenced by the side of the operation, with more and larger defects following right-sided lobectomies. In the 51 patients with postoperative hemianopias, this defect was either unobserved by the patient or regarded as a considerably less important handicap than the frequent and socially invalidating preoperative seizures...
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PMID:Temporal lobe epilepsy and neuro-ophthalmology. Ophthalmological findings in 74 temporal lobe resected patients. 99 32

Artificial divergence causes a change of correspondence in about 60% of cases of alternating comitant convergent strabismus. This means a merely formal normalisation, since only one third of the cases can be cured to a level of +/-1degree of arc related to the true position of the eyes. These cases do not show any scotoma under campimetry on the phase difference haploscop (Aulhorn). An other third achieved a status with a tolerance of +/- 2 degrees and microscotomata. The last third did not show a normalisation, mostly due to a preexisting angle smaller than 5 degrees of arc. The number of full cures was limited, since the onset of squint was early in the majority of cases. One half of the 271 cases were treated by surgical overcorrection and following reoperation. The other half by small initial surgery, prismatic overcorrection followed by prismatic compensation and small second operation.
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PMID:[Artificial divergence in treatment of anomalous correspondence (author's transl)]. 117 91

A 38-year-old patient showed monocular nonprogressing pigmentary changes for 8 years, with nearly normal blood vessels and scarcely restricted dark-adaptation. ERG and VER were different from those of the other eye. The affected eye had full vision and an annular scotoma corresponding to the pigmentary changes. The other eye was amblyopic due to strabismus. Phenotypes, similar to retinitis pigmentosa, and chorioretinitis diffusa are discussed. This is probably a congenital anomaly.
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PMID:[A case of monocular retinitis pigmentosa (author's transl)]. 120 57

Retinal surgery with implantation of silicone oil was performed in 33 patients presenting with idiopathic or traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Following removal of the oil patients were on average followed-up for 6 to 29 months (14 months). Sixteen patients had had buckling procedures prior to endosurgery. Improvement of vision up to 4 rows of optotypes was noted in 21 patients following silicone oil removal. Three cases showed a large, organic, central scotoma. Ten patients suffered from diplopia; 3 of whom were known to have had a preexisting strabismus. Suppression of the visual impression of the operated eye was seen in 4 cases. Eye muscle surgery was necessary in 4 cases. Sixteen patients demonstrated normal binocular vision as far as possible taking the visual acuity into account.
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PMID:[Visual acuity and binocular vision following surgery of extreme retinal detachment]. 237 76

A homonymous hemianopia can be compensated by a strabismus in the direction of the visual field defect if the deviated eye has a harmonious anomalous localization. This compensation is only partial; its extent corresponds to the angle of deviation. We report on two patients with a hemianopia to the left. Under binocular conditions the visual field defect was reduced by an exotropia of the left eye with panoramic vision. Unfortunately, up to now it has not been possible to induce such a sensory-motor compensation in cases of homonymous hemianopia with normal retinal correspondence in an adult visual system.
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PMID:Infantile exotropia with homonymous hemianopia: a rare contraindication for strabismus surgery. 336 Mar 42

Using 44 eyes with optic disk pits as reference material, these pits are described with particular attention to the functional disturbances which accompany them. Visual acuity is reduced in about 50% of eyes thus affected. In two-thirds of the cases the deterioration in visual acuity occurs suddenly and without warning, prompting the patient to see an ophthalmologist. The cause of the sudden disturbance of vision is the formation of subretinal fluid, which presumably originates in the vitreous and then passes through the pit into the subretinal space. In the present study it was demonstrated that pits in the optic disk are also accompanied by a defect in the nerve fiber layer. Under meticulous examination these scotomas can be identified both in static perimetry by their steep scotoma rims and ophthalmoscopically by the absence of the nerve fiber layer and of subretinal fluid. The nerve fiber defects often cause only small scotomas which go unnoticed by the patient. In some cases, when they affect the center, they can also result in reduced visual acuity and strabismus.
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PMID:[Disorders of function in pitting of the optic disk]. 365 11


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