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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper demonstrates that limited cryosurgery combined with scleral buckling in premature infants with acute proliferative retrolental fibroplasia in a procedure which can be extremely successful in the treatment of this devastating disease. Timing for surgical intervention is critical. The indications for the surgical intervention are stated. The continuous monitoring of those infants with retrolental fibroplasia is critical to the success of the operative procedure. Since critical timing for success is involved, a new schedule for ophthalmic examination of the premature infant is proposed. This new schedule differs significantly from that proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1971. At that time, there was no successful treatment for retrolental fibroplasia. In contrast, we submit that limited cryosurgery combined with scleral buckling is an efficacious form of therapy for this disease.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Combined cryosurgery and scleral buckling in acute proliferative retrolental fibroplasia. 689 41

A series of 38 patients with regressed retinopathy of prematurity were compared with control groups of babies having similar gestational age who did not have retinopathy of prematurity, and to a control group of full-term babies. A substantially higher incidence of strabismus, amblyopia, and high refractive errors was found in the group with retinopathy of prematurity as compared with both other groups. In general, these patients had a successful response to standard amblyopia and strabismus management. No substantial difference was found between the refractive errors of the babies in the premature control group and the term control group.
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PMID:Strabismus and amblyopia associated with regressed retinopathy of prematurity. 689 93

The AVC of the lens was examined and graded at birth and prospectively at weekly intervals, in 30 preterm infants of gestational age between 27 and 34 weeks. Influence of postnatal age, postnatal nutrition, subsequent development of retinopathy of prematurity as well as intrauterine growth retardation, multiple gestation and prenatal maternal steroid administration on regression of AVC was analyzed. We conclude that examination of the AVC of the lens can reliably be used to estimate gestational age between 27th and 34th weeks, in appropriate as well as small for gestational age infants. Such an examination can be used postnatally, provided that the infant's corrected gestational age is between 27 and 34 weeks. Prenatal steroid administration, postnatal nutritional status or subsequent development of retinopathy of prematurity do not appear to be correlated with the rate of AVC regression.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Correlation of postnatal regression of the anterior vascular capsule of the lens to gestational age. 706 63

We studied the application of preferential looking (PL) procedures to evaluation of visual performance of 59 prematurely born infants and young children. Neurological abnormalities were present in 29 of the 59 patients. Ophthalmic examination revealed normal eyes in 20 of the patients; retinopathy of prematurity (20 patients) and strabismus (13 patients) were the most prevalent ophthalmological disorders; the remaining 6 patients had a variety of ophthalmic anomalies. Results indicate that PL testing of such patients is best accomplished after age 2 months. Patients with developmental delays can be tested, but they may have poor PL performance that is not accounted for by ophthalmic abnormalities. Differences in PL acuities between right and left eyes were indicative of amblyopia in some of the strabismic patients; sequential PL acuities monitored occlusion therapy in these pre-verbal youngsters.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Preferential looking vision testing: application to evaluation of high-risk, prematurely born infants and children. 715 19

During the 5 years, 1975-1979, 144 infants weighing less than or equal to 1500 g (ranging from 400 to 1500 g) were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mantua. 57 (40%) survived the neonatal period. The principal cause of death was hypoxia and hyaline membrane disease. After leaving the hospital, all the children were seen regularly to 1 year of age and 47 (82%) to 5 years of age. The infants received a neurological and physical evaluation at variable intervals; severe neurological handicaps were found in 2 (3,5%) infants, mild handicaps were observed in 6 (10,5%) infants. Pathological EEG was found in 1 (1,7%) case. The DQ was evaluated by the Gesell test; the DQ was below 80 in 1 child, between 80 and 89 in 2 infants and above 89 in the remaining cases. Three children had strabismus, none had retrolental fibroplasia. Follow-up audiometry was normal in all the subjects. The Authors conclude that intensive care increases the survival and reduces the incidence of serious handicaps in the newborns of very low birthweight.
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PMID:[Prognosis for newborns of very low birthweight (author's transl)]. 720 Nov 32

Re-examination of corrected visual acuity was done in 137 18-year-old Danes, who were originally examined at the age of 10 years, as part of a study of sequels to low birth weight (LBW) (Fledelius 1976). Median values indicate that most adolescents are able visually to discriminate considerably above the customary 6/6 limit. As compared with low-birth-weighters (n=70), full-terms (n=67) show a significantly higher cumulated visual acuity score. Similarly, binocular median visual acuities are 1.2 (LBW) and 1.4 (in FT). The difference is neither explained by the ex-prematures' higher frequency of heterotropia, nor by their (minor) share of eyes with subnormal vision. The latter occurred especially in the subgroup of 'myopia of prematurity'. The exceptional cases with RLF-blindness were discarded from follow-up. Concerning visual acuity, the previously reported lagging behind of ex-prematures in childhood has proven to be not only a temporary delay, but a permanent (adult) feature.
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PMID:Ophthalmic changes from age of 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. II. Visual acuity. 721 Dec 84

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by doppler methods at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes in 52 premature infants after triple instillation of aqueous phenylephrine 2.5% and tropicamide 1.0%. Systolic blood pressures were insignificantly increased 3.9 +/- 2.0 mm Hg (mean +/- S.E.) at 15 minutes when compared with controls matched for initial blood pressure, birth weights and age at examination. Though a 964 gm, 28-week Caucasian male with retinopathy of prematurity had been uneventfully dilated, pupillary dilatation one week later with triple instillations of phenylephrine 2.5% and tropicamide 1.07% was accompanied by an acute increase in systolic blood pressure to 108 mm Hg at 15 minutes, which remained elevated for 150 minutes. A new lower dose, single instillation mydriatic became available whose final concentration was phenylephrine 2.5%, tropicamide 0.5% and cyclogyl 0.5%. A single drop was found to produce mydriasis equal to the triple instillation regime. The single administration produced no significant effect on systolic blood pressure in 30 low birth weight infants (birth weight less than 1750 gm) when compared with balanced salt solution (placebo) in a randomized, double--masked study. Mechanisms of acute hypertension after topical mydriasis are discussed.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Effect of mydriatics on blood pressure in premature infants. 729 11

A group of 79 prematurely born children was assessed ophthalmologically at the age of 12 and compared with a group of 100 12 years old children born at term. Of the 79 children, results of neonatal eye examinations were available in 26 prematures (52 eyes). In 28 eyes no signs of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were detected (non-ROP group). In 24 eyes a stage 1 or 2 retinopathy of prematurity was present (ROB group). 75% of the children with ROP had an ophthalmological problem. Myopia (29%), hypermetropia (21%), astigmatism (37%) and strabismus (33%) were significantly higher. Considering the whole group of prematurely born children, there was more astigmatism (11%) and strabismus (13%). Preterm children, with or without ROP, are more prone to develop ocular problems.
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PMID:Ocular findings in prematurely born children at the age of 12. 749 28

Dilation and tortuosity of the posterior pole vessels "(plus disease)" is a sign of poor prognosis and may be associated with threshold or prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We have found that normal posterior pole vessels are a reliable marker for the absence of stage 3 ROP. One hundred thirty-two consecutive premature infants weighing less than 1600 g at birth underwent ROP examinations between 32 and 40 weeks' postconceptional age. The status of the posterior pole vessels was compared to peripheral retinal pathology. Vascular findings in the posterior pole were graded 0, 1, 2, or 3, with 0 representing normal arterioles and venules and 3 representing plus disease. The remainder of the fundus examination was recorded using the international Classification of ROP, then converted to a severity scale based on zone and stage of ROP. For each infant, only one examination representing the most severe stage of ROP reached prior to treatment or spontaneous regression was used for data analysis. There was a highly significant Spearman's rank correlation (rs = 0.65) between the posterior pole vascular abnormalities and the severity of ROP in the retinal periphery. Clinically important ROP was not found in any patient with normal posterior pole vessels (grade 0) and stage 3 disease was usually associated with both venous and arterial vascular abnormalities (grades 2 or 3). When ocular examination of premature infants is difficult because of poor dilation of the pupil, hazy media, or medical instability, normal appearance of the posterior pole vessels can be a reassuring finding if it is necessary to postpone complete fundus examination in infants at risk for ROP.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:The predictive value of posterior pole vessels in retinopathy of prematurity. 762 74

Discordant twins may be at increased risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) because of factors related to their unequal growth. Discordancy is defined as a difference of 15% or more in the birth weights of the two infants. We examined the data in 26 sets of discordant twins from six NICUs, including birthweight, gestational age, sex, and highest grade of ROP. Thirty-eight percent (10) of the lower birthweight infants had higher grades of ROP than their twin. Twenty-three percent (6) of the heavier birthweight twins had higher grades of ROP than their smaller siblings. Three infants reached threshold, and five were prethreshold. In every case, their twin siblings had mild or no ROP. Thirty-eight percent of the twins (10) had the same ROP outcome.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Retinopathy of prematurity in discordant twins. 762 75


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