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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three infant boys with a bilateral congenital retinopathy characterized by retinal vascular hypoplasia and persistence of the primary vitreous are described. The infants were healthy and had no non-ocular physical abnormalities. None had histories of prematurity or low birth weight. Family histories were negative to similar retinopathy, and the fundi of all examined blood relatives were normal. The described congenital retinopathy is compared and contrasted with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, Norrie's disease, idiopathic retinal dysplasia, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and incontinentia pigmenti.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Bilateral retinal vascular hypoplasia associated with persistence of the primary vitreous: a new clinical entity? 328 58

The grating acuity of preterm infants was determined by measurements of the visual evoked potential (VEP) produced by phase alternation of sinusoidal luminance gratings. The development of visual acuity in healthy preterm infants appears to be accelerated when compared with full term infants of the same post-conceptual age. Cortical insults and the more advanced stages of retinopathy of prematurity may adversely affect acuity development as indexed by the VEP. Preterm twins also appear to have lower acuity than preterm monoparous infants.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Visual acuity development in normal and abnormal preterm human infants. 358 54

We examined the eyes of 2986 neonates admitted to the Magee-Womens Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January 1, 1977, through December 31, 1985, who weighed less than 2000 g at birth or were exposed to added oxygen and later discharged. Fifty-six of these patients had grade III, IV, or V retinopathy of prematurity as defined by Kingham (stage III or IV in the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity system) in at least one eye. All 56 patients were exposed either to added oxygen for more than 50 days or had a birthweight less than 1600 g. We propose that these are more realistic screening criteria than those proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (exposure to any added oxygen, birthweight less than 2000 g). Their use will avoid many unnecessary eye exams, while allowing detection of all significant retinopathy of prematurity.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Screening criteria for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity in patients in a neonatal intensive care unit. 368 5

Five hundred forty-five infants weighing less than 1501 g at birth were entered into a randomized, prospective study to determine the effect of high serum levels (5 mg/dL) of vitamin E used prophylactically to try to prevent or alter the natural course of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its sequel, retrolental fibroplasia (RLF). Three hundred twenty-eight infants were available for the one- to two-year eye examination. Although there was a trend (P = 0.072) toward less severe RLF among vitamin E-treated infants, the incidence of RLF was 11/162 (6.8%) in the placebo treated (P) infants, and 12/166 (7.2%) in the vitamin E-treated (E) infants. The incidences of hyperopia, myopia, anisometropia, strabismus and amblyopia were also similar in both the P and E groups.
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PMID:Vitamin E and retinopathy of prematurity. Follow-up at one year. 390 Aug 46

We examined the eyes of all infants in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 1979 to 1981 who were premature and/or had exposure to increased ambient oxygen. From these 1,012 neonates, 19 were found to have Grade III or worse acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in at least one eye. We studied the graphic relationship of the mean daily values for blood Pc02, Pa02, PC02, and pH and the production of retinopathy of prematurity in these infants and compared the results with a similar group of infants who had similar birthweight, gestational age and Vitamin E administration. The comparison group patients were in the hospital during this same period of time and did not have Grade III ROP. There was no characteristic level, peak or pattern of these values that could identify or predict which infants would develop ROP.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Blood oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels prior to diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity. 392 87

A case is reported of a five-month-old female with incontinentia pigmenti associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ocular manifestations of incontinentia pigmenti have previously been described to include persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, retinal dysplasia, retrolental fibroplasia, corneal opacities, cataract, optic atrophy, and strabismus. This case is believed to be the first reported instance of incontinentia pigmenti associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The management of this patient is also discussed.
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PMID:Incontinentia pigmenti associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. 652 80

Twenty-six infants with totally resolved low-grade retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were compared with a similar group of 38 premature infants in whom no retinopathy had ever developed in the nursery. At the examination performed at a physiologic age of 1 year, the two groups were almost indistinguishable with respect to their refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia. The incidence and severity of mild to moderate anisometropia was increased in the resolved ROP group. It appears that there is a group of infants in whom absolute resolution occurs, with few residua of active ROP. This is especially true when there are no anatomical retinal findings consistent with low-grade cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia at 1 year of age.
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PMID:Sequelae of arrested mild retinopathy of prematurity. 654 80

In the years 1977-8,258 infants weighing less than 1500 g were born at, or transferred to, the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne; 177 (68.5%) survived, and 111 of these attended for an ophthalmic examination. Significant ocular lesions were found in 37 (33%): 21 (19%) children had squint, 19 (17%) had a significant refractive error, 11 (10%) had cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), and 3 (2.7%) had very poor vision due to optic atrophy associated with cerebral palsy. No children were blind owing to RLF, indicating that the recent increase in survival rate of infants of very low birth weight has not been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of severe RLF. In those children with neither cerebral palsy nor RLF the prevalence of squint was 11% and of refractive errors 13%. Myopia was found mainly in children who had shown RLF changes in the neonatal period. It is recommended that infants of very low birth weight continue to be screened in the premature nursery for RLF, and also at the age of 2, for the detection of refractive errors and squint.
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PMID:Ocular morbidity in infants of very low birth weight. 668 89

The survival rate of very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants has greatly increased due to the introduction of intensive-care methods to neonatal nurseries. It was feared that this would also cause an increase in the amount of ocular morbidity associated with prematurity. In order to estimate this, 111 very-low-birthweight infants (birthweights less than or equal to 1500 g) were reviewed at two years of age. They comprised 63% of the total number of long-term surviving babies born at, or transferred in the neonatal period to, the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, in 1977 and 1978. In 33% a significant ocular problem was detected; 19% had strabismus, 17% had a significant refractive error, 10% had cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), and 2.7% were blind, due to optic atrophy associated with cerebral palsy. Other studies have shown that 7% of VLBW infants develop severe (Stage III) RLF, and 18% of these (1.26% of VLBW infants) will be socially or totally blind. In order to estimate the significance of VLBW infants to the ophthalmic health services, and to the organisations for the care of the visually handicapped, these figures can be extrapolated. Based on 1980 figures, it would be expected that approximately 1105 VLBW infants would survive annually, and nine would become blind from RLF, while 110 would have been affected by RLF. Thirty-three children would be blind from optic atrophy associated with cerebral palsy, 210 would have strabismus, and at least 187 would have a significant refractive error. VLBW infants will contribute significantly to the number of children requiring ocular care, and because of the high incidence of ocular abnormalities, it is recommended that routine screening of all VLBW infants be carried out at one year and two years of age.
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PMID:The significance of ocular morbidity in very-low-birthweight infants to the Australian health service. 668 74

Neurological prospective follow-up study of premature newborns must be carried out to determine the usefulness and efficacy of modern perinatal intensive care. Over the last 30 years an improvement in perinatal care has led to a dramatic reduction from 70% to 20%-40% in mortality rate among VLBW infants (less than or equal to 1500 g); while among those weighing less than or equal to 1000 g the mortality rate has dropped below 60% in some intensive care units. The concentration of high-risk pregnancies and deliveries in the same hospital in which the premature is cared for has led to a further reduction in the neonatal mortality rate. Most, though not all, foreign research reports a lower handicap rate than prior to the era of newborn intensive care. Studies from newborn intensive care units show considerable variation in the rates of handicaps among surviving LBW infants. Studies carried out at the same time in intensive care units and in routine care units reveal a higher or equal handicap percentage among those from intensive care units. It should be however remembered that the sometimes higher handicap rate is linked to a considerably increased survival rate and the gain in healthy lives saved is considerable. A recent comparison made in various european, american and australian centres reveals an average of 7% of cerebral palsy and 15% of mental retardation among VLBW (less than or equal to 1500 g) infants. In recent years there has been a dual tendency towards a stabilisation in the frequency of handicaps and a reduction in the gravity of the worst handicaps. Over the last 10 years there has been a renewed increase in retrolental fibroplasia: as much as 5-11% in VLBW infants less than or equal to 1000 g. Squint is the other most frequent visual defect. Hearing defects vary from 1,8% to 15%. Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus which takes place either early or later in the neonatal period is the most frequent complication of intraventricular haemorrhages and the prognosis depends on the gravity of the haemorrhage. Epilepsy is rare; spastic diplegia, now almost always accompanied by normal intellectual development, though considerably less frequent than in the past, is still the most frequent form of cerebral palsy. Serious mental retardation is present only among one third-one quarter of major handicaps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Neuropsychic follow-up of the premature infant: mortality, severe sequelae, early diagnosis and prognosis]. 676 28


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